1. Health and Human Development
SAC 1 Revision
2016

2. Define YLL
YLL refers to the number of years of life lost due to premature death.

3. Define YLD
YLD refers to the number of years of healthy life lost due to suffering from a disability, illness or injury.

4. Define DALY
Disability Adjusted Life Year- a measure of overall burden of disease, expressed as the number of years lost due to ill health, disability or early death.
Disability Adjusted Life Years
The sum of years of potential life lost due to premature
mortality and the years of productive life lost due to disability.

5. Define HALE
Average number of years that a person can expect to live in "full health" by taking into account years lived in less than full health due to disease and/or injury.

6. Define Behavioural Determinants
Actions or patterns of living of an individual or a group that impacts on health, such as smoking, sexual activity and eating practices.

7. What is a trend?
A general change or movement in a particular direction. For example trends indicate a significant increase in obesity over the past twenty years.

8. How does the Physical Environment account for differences in Health Status
Fast food outlets
Poor quality Housing
More dangerous working Environments
Exposure to tobacco smoking
Greater levels of violence

9. Give examples of Behavioural Determinants that account for variations in Health Status between Indigenous and Non Indigenous population groups.
Alcohol Consumption Poor education llicit Drug Use Lower rates of physical activity Poor nutritional status Low consumption of fruit and vegetables Unsafe sexual activities

10. How does low birth weight contrbute to variations in health status?
Babies born with a low birth weight are more likely to:
Underdeveloped immune system
Premature death
Delayed learning/disabilities
In adulthood
High blood pressure
Type 2 Diabetes
CVD

11. List examples of how health status of males and females vary.
M lower life expectancy
M higher rates of injury
M higher rates of lung cancer
M higher rates of Diabetes 2
M lower rates of osteoporosis
M lower rates of mental and behavioural problems.

12. Define Health Status
An individual’s or a population’s overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.

13. Define Social Determinant
Aspects of society and the social environment that impact on health, such as poverty, early life experiences, social networks and support.

14. List for two variations in Health Status between high and low socio economic status
Higher infant mortality rates
Higher rates of disability
Higher rates of CVD
Higher rates of Lung cancer
Plus higher rates of:
Type 2 Diabetes, Dental decay, Respiratory disease, asthma, arthritis, overweight and obesity, mental problems
SES – education, occupation, income