1. Regulatory Infrastructure Development for Safety of Nuclear Installations RCF Plenary Meeting 30 September 2016 Vienna, Austria
Greg RZENTKOWSKI, Director
Division of Nuclear Installation Safety
Nuclear Safety and Security Department

2. Nuclear Power Development
Long-term government commitment
National infrastructure
Qualified/skilled human resources
High up-front investment
Public acceptance
Global impact
High level of safety and security
Control of nuclear materials
Long-term waste management
Sustainable
Social
Equitable
Bearable
Viable
Environment
Economic
A nuclear power programme is a major undertaking that requires careful planning, preparation and investment in time, institutions and human resources. It is a long term commitment that requires significant financial and human resources.
While nuclear power is not alone in this respect, it is unique due to the safety, security and safeguards requirements associated with using nuclear material.
Nuclear safety remains the responsibility of individual countries, yet there is the need to establish sustainable and broadly acceptable safety policies and requirements for nuclear installations and waste disposal facilities worldwide. However, the Fukushima accident has demonstrated that nuclear safety is a global concern.
Governments must also consider issues such as waste and public perception from the very beginning of the programme.

3. National Commitment to Safety
Safety is the national responsibility and cannot be outsourced
Safety is an essential condition for a sustainable and successful nuclear power programme
Safety is an integral component in all infrastructure issues
Safety has to be continuously improved
A safety culture starting with strong and effective leadership is essential
Weak links need to be identified and strengthened

4. International Obligations
Convention on Nuclear Safety
Adopted in June 1994 and entered into force in October 1996
There are 78 Contracting Parties and 10 Signatory States
7th Review Meeting of the Convention will be held in 2017
ARTICLE 8. REGULATORY BODY
Each Contracting Party shall establish or designate a Regulatory Body entrusted with the implementation of the legislative and regulatory framework
ARTICLE 9. RESPONSIBILITY OF THE LICENSE HOLDER
Each Contracting Party shall ensure that prime responsibility for the safety of a nuclear installation rests with the holder of the relevant licence and shall take the appropriate steps to ensure that each such licence holder meets its responsibility
Safety starts from implementation of international obligations.
It has to be remembered that the national responsibilities are…..
Article 8 and 9 outline two fundamental principles.
RB should be effectively independent
the primary responsibility for the safety of a nuclear installations rests with the holder of the relevant license
CNS is a an international peer review – Articles of convention are rather general, state expectations
Legal instruments include also Code of Conducts. Not legally binding – incentive instruments
Providing access to a wealth of experience including good practices on nuclear safety issues, particularly helpful for embarking countries.
Increasing assistance opportunities for the Contracting Parties, particularly embarking countries, with limited resources, to meet regulatory infrastructure development needs.
Improving transparency and openness about nuclear safety through publication of National reports.

5. Regulatory Infrastructure Development
IAEA Assistance
Develop internationally recognized safety standards
Safety fundaments, requirements and guides
Guidance on establishing safety infrastructure
Provide services for implementation of safety standards
Peer-reviews and advisory services
Provide quality support and assistance to Member States developing safety infrastructure
Capacity building (training courses, workshops, fellowships and scientific visits)
Coordinate and collaborate effectively with other organizations
Safety Standards
Peer Reviews
Advisory Services
Capacity Building
Nuclear Power Plants
Research Reactors
Fuel Cycle Facilities

6. IAEA Safety Standards
The IAEA safety standards provide requirements that should be met for the establishment of an adequate and effective regulatory infrastructure for safety

7. Fundamental Safety Principles
Primary safety objective: Protection of people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation
Principle 1: Responsibility for safety
Principle 2: Role of government
Principle 3: Leadership and management for safety
Principle 4: Justification of facilities and activities
Principle 5: Optimization of protection
Principle 6: Limitations of risks to individuals
Principle 7: Protection of present and future generations
Principle 8: Prevention of accidents
Principle 9: Emergency preparedness and response
Principle 10: Protective actions to reduce existing or unregulated radiations risks must be justified and optimized
Ten safety principles form the basis on which safety requirements are developed and safety measures are implemented to achieve the primary safety objective

8. General Safety Requirements
GSR Part 1: Governmental, Legal and Regulatory Framework for Safety
Fundamental requirements for development of safety framework
Criteria for self-assessment of completeness and adequacy of safety infrastructure
Rev. 1 published in February 2016
Supporting Safety Guides in preparation:
DS472 Organization, Management and Staffing of a Regulatory Body for Safety
DS473 Functions and Processes of the Regulatory Body for Safety are under development to support GSR Part 1

9. Specific Safety Guide
SSG-16: Establishing the Safety Infrastructure for a Nuclear Power Programme
20 elements
1. National policy and strategy for safety
2. Global nuclear safety regime
3. Legal framework
4. Regulatory framework
5. Transparency and openness
6. Funding and financing
7. External support organizations and contractors
8. Leadership and management for safety
9. Human resources development
10. Research for safety and regulatory purposes
11. Radiation protection
12. Safety assessment
13. Safety of radioactive waste management,
spent fuel management and decommissioning
14. Emergency preparedness and response
15. Operating organization
16. Site survey, site selection and evaluation
17. Design safety
18. Preparation for commissioning
19. Transport safety
20. Interfaces with nuclear security
20 safety elements supported by 200 actions to be taken
Each safety element is fully based on relevant IAEA safety standards; GSR Part 1 for safety elements 1-7 and 20
For each action, responsibilities are clearly stated

10. Prioritization of Regulations
Site evaluation
Radiation Protection
Licensing Process
Management system
Design
Basic regulations on
- Construction
- Manufacturing
- Waste Management
- Emergency Preparedness
This figure is summarizing the timing of issuance of safety regulations by the regulatory body

11. Safety Review Services (1/2)
Safety of Nuclear Installations
Peer-review Services
Integrated Regulatory Review Service (IRRS)
Site and External Events Design (SEED)
Operational Safety Review Service (OSART)
Integrated Safety Assessment of Research Reactor (INSARR)
Safety Evaluation during Operation of Fuel Cycle Facilities (SEDO)
Safety Aspects of Long Term Operation (SALTO)
Advisory Services
Safety Assessment Advisory Programme (SAAP)
Technical Safety Review Services (TSR)
IRRS
SRSs are linked to the Statutory pillars of the Agency; ARTICLE III: Functions – “To establish… standards of safety… and to provide for the application of these standards…” Statute of the IAEA
SRSs addresses all stakeholder involved in the development and implementation of nuclear programmes at the national level

12. Safety Review Services (2/2)
Conduct of Safety Review Services
IAEA safety standards form the basis
Open and transparent
Lead by IAEA staff and international experts
Benefits of Safety Review Services
Improvement in regulation of nuclear installations and in their operational safety
Sharing knowledge and good practices
Disseminating lessons learned from the Fukushima- Daiichi accident
Providing opportunities for improvements
Impact on governments, regulators and operators
Review Basis
What are the benefits of inviting SRSs

13. Integrated Regulatory Review Service (1/2)
Key objectives
Strengthen and enhance the effectiveness of national regulatory infrastructure for nuclear, radiation, radioactive waste and transport safety and the security of radioactive sources
Assess the status of national regulatory infrastructure against IAEA safety standards.
Enhance nuclear and radiation safety and regulatory effectiveness
Main scope
All regulated nuclear facilities and activities
Tailored module for embarking countries to asses regulatory infrastructure development (based on SSG- 16)
Modular Structure

14. Integrated Regulatory Review Service (2/2)
Safety achievements
Regulatory Body’s independence
Clarification of Regulatory Body authority, role and responsibilities
Regulations and regulatory guidance
Regulatory Body management system, including better procedures and training
Opportunities for further improvements
National policies and strategies for safety
Development of regulations and guides
Procedures and guidance for authorization, review and assessment
General Observations
Information for IRRS Services are related to countries with operating NPPs
The value of the IRRS Programme in supporting the implementation of the EC Nuclear Safety Directive has been recognized
31 out of 33 MS with NPPs (operating and / or shut down) have either requested or hosted an IRRS mission
28 Initial and 15 Follow up IRRS Missions were conducted from 2006 to 2015
Add data for IRRS Reports

15. Self-Assessment Tools
Self-Assessment of Regulatory Infrastructure for Safety (SARIS)
Focused on countries with established nuclear power programmes
Question-sets based on safety requirements
About 560 questions for preparation of IRRS
Recently revised
Integrated Review of Infrastructure for Safety (IRIS)
Focused on countries embarking on nuclear power programmes
Question-sets based on 200 SSG-16 Actions
For each Action:
Primary question (yes/no)
Subsidiary questions to assist creation of national action plan

16. SSG-16 organizes 11 thematic modules
Capacity Building
Education and Training
Strategy
Member States’ taking ownership of developing and implementing a national strategy
Objective
Sustainability of national programs
Train the trainers
Self-learning and training courses
Scope
Safety infrastructure for nuclear power program
SSG-16 organizes 11 thematic modules

17. Basic Safety Training Scope Focus
Basic safety concepts and their application to NPPs, Research Reactors and Fuel Cycle Facilities
Focus
Basic principles and key issues of importance to nuclear safety
Radiation protection in nuclear facilities
Design of a nuclear reactor, interfaces with security;
Safety classification of structures, systems and components
Deterministic accident analysis and probabilistic safety analysis
Links between probabilistic, deterministic analysis and risk informed decision making
Siting and environmental impact assessment
Operational safety, including operational feedback
Limiting conditions for operation
Public communication

18. Basic Professional Training Course
Nuclear Safety
Designed to provide a broad overview of all the safety concepts and their application to nuclear power plants and research reactors design and operation
Intended for junior professionals recently involved in nuclear safety-related activities and highly specialized professionals who lack a broader view of nuclear safety.
Reviewed and revised into a 23 module course, incorporating the latest IAEA Safety Standards.
Designed to be delivered in 1 month (short course) or 3 months (long course)
The BPTC has been used all over the world and part of it has been translated into various languages.
The new material includes textbooks, case studies and examples of questions.

19. Inspector Workshop Objective Learning aspects
Hands-on training programme to provide an introduction on inspection skills and methods
Designed to place participants in simulated, real-life scenarios
Learning aspects
Fundamentals of inspection
An overview of the basic information required for inspections
How to perform general plant walk-down inspections
How to perform basic system walk-down inspections
How to conduct maintenance inspections
4 workshops were successfully implemented so far.

20. International cooperation
Regulatory Cooperation Forum
IAEA regional networks
Asian Nuclear Safety Network (ANSN)
Arab Network of Nuclear Regulators (ANNuR)
Forum for Nuclear Regulatory Bodies in Africa (FNRBA)
Ibero-American Forum of Nuclear and Radiation Safety and Security Regulatory Agencies (FORO)
IAEA Technical Cooperation
Practical collaboration among IAEA frameworks, EC and WANO to enhance nuclear safety in more effective and efficient way
IAEA appreciates significant support received from extra-budgetary contributions

21. Summary
A nuclear power programme is a major undertaking that requires careful planning, preparation and investment
Safety is the national responsibility and cannot be outsourced
IAEA provides assistance with regulatory infrastructure development for safety through:
Assisting in implementation of legal instruments
Publishing international recognized standards and providing for their implementation
Facilitating international collaboration to strengthen safety
Fostering exchange of experience among regulators
Supporting embarking Member States in a systematic and coordinated manner
Measurable achievement in strengthening nuclear safety and enhancing regulatory effectiveness globally
More than 70 IRRS missions conducted since 2006
High level of implementation of recommendations and suggestions

22. Thank you!
Thank you!