1. Public Speaking Lecture 1 and Seminar 1 Dr. Varvara Danilina

2. Warm up: Public Speaking Problems and Solutions
3-4 people per team
3 problems and 3 solutions
1 speaker
discussion

3. Back to Basics
Aristotle, Rhetoric:
‘Of the three elements of speech-making – speaker, subject, and person addressed – it is the last one, the hearer, that determines the speech’s end and object”

4. Three Modes of Persuasion
Through “the personal character of the speaker”
Through “putting the audience into a certain frame of mind”
Through “the proof, or apparent proof”

5. Divisions of Oratory
Political (the listeners judge about future events, the speaker persuades them to do/ not to do smth)
Forensic (the listeners judge about past events, the speaker attacks or defends smb)
Ceremonial (the listeners are observers, the speaker praises or criticizes smb)

6. Max Atkinson: “The key to effective speaking is an objective understanding of the needs of your listeners”

7. Analysing your Audience
What do they already know?
What do they believe in?
What is their attitude to you as a speaker?
What do they feel and expect?
What is their nationality, age, gender, education?
How many people will there be?

8. Your Purpose and Key Idea
To inform: about what?
To persuade: of what?
To motivate: to do what?
One key idea per speech:
“First come up with the key message you want to leave with your audience”. (James Humes)

9. Building your Image Character Speech Image*
“His character may almost be called the most effective means of persuasion he possesses”
Character
Speech
Image*
*how the listeners perceive the speaker, a picture in their mind

10. Seminar Tasks
Read Parts 2 and 3, Book 1 of Aristotle’s Rhetoric:
Be able to talk about:
3 elements of speech-making
3 modes of persuasion
3 divisions of oratory

11. 2. Read the Introduction and The Battle for Audience Attention from Max Atkinson’s Lend Me Your Ears here:
Argue for or against: “The slides are the biggest single obstacle to spoken communication ever invented”.
Comment: “The audience is always right”.
Comment: “Effective public speaking does not have to be the monopoly of the gifted few, but is the product of a set of techniques that anyone can learn to use”.
What are the main differences between a public speech and a conversation?
How can you turn a presentation into a conversation?
Comment: “The speaker’s main challenge is to make sure that the subject matter is presented in a way that the audience can follow”.
Why is eye-contact so important in public speaking?

12. Analyze Bill Gates speech at Harvard University in terms of its appropriateness for the audience and the occasion:
(the first 10 minutes, then min )
Who are the audience members? How would you analyze this audience if you were invited to speak at Harvard on a similar occasion?
How did the speaker establish contact with the audience and maintain attention? Which tactics can you also use in your talks?

13. Our Canvas