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INTERACTIONS AND INTERDEPENDENCE WITHIN THE ENVIRONMENT

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Presentation on theme: "INTERACTIONS AND INTERDEPENDENCE WITHIN THE ENVIRONMENT"— Presentation transcript:

1 INTERACTIONS AND INTERDEPENDENCE WITHIN THE ENVIRONMENT
(Page 15-21)

2 Plants and animals live together in an ecosystem.
They interact with each other and the non-living parts of the ecosystem. They rely on ecosystem for shelter, food, protection and breeding. Interactions and needs = different relationships between living organisms in ecosystem.

3 Identify some possible interactions between organisms in this picture.

4 What is Ecology? The study of interactions between living things and with their physical and chemical environment. Living organisms need specific non-living conditions in order to survive: - light - water - air - correct temperature - soil

5 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION Used by scientists during the study of ecosystems to classify living things. Population: A group of individuals of the same species living in the same ecosystem at the same time. E.g. All the elephants at Addo Elephant National Park

6 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION Used by scientists during the study of ecosystems to classify living things. Community: Different populations that interact with one another in the same ecosystem. E.g. Addo Elephant National Park has a population of elephants, population of zebra and population of Spekboom trees.

7 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION Used by scientists during the study of ecosystems to classify living things. Ecosystem: All of the living and non-living things in an environment and the different ways in which they interact with each other. 2 parts: Non-living part = habitat (the place where organisms live) Living part = community E.g. The elephants, zebra and Spekboom trees live in the Addo region (habitat) which contains soil, water, air, wind and sunlight.

8 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION Used by scientists during the study of ecosystems to classify living things. Biosphere: All the areas/ different ecosystems on Earth where life exists. Largest biological system on Earth. Includes: - Lithosphere - Hydrosphere - Atmosphere Consists of ecosystems. Organisms may be living, dead or decaying organic matter.

9 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION Used by scientists during the study of ecosystems to classify living things.

10 ECOSYSTEMS All of the living and non-living things in an environment and the different ways in which they interact with each other. Many different kinds on land and in water. Vary in size. All earth’s ecosystems = biosphere.

11 ECOSYSTEMS Consist of 2 parts: Abiotic factors (non-living)
Biotic factors (living)

12 Abiotic Factors Non-living part.
E.g. temperature, wind, water, light intensity, soil, slope. Influence living organisms in the ecosystem.

13 Biotic factors Living part – all living organisms.
Dependent on abiotic factors. Living organisms compete with each other for food, light, water, space and mates; plants need help with pollination and to spread seeds. Therefore relationships between living organisms are important.

14 Therefore living and non-living parts of an ecosystem interact – work together for a common purpose.
Different populations depend on each other for food (food chain/ food web). If the population of one organism changes it can affect other organisms in the food web.   

15 Survival of individuals in a population
Survival of living organisms requires the ability to cope with change in the habitat. Sudden change = habitat destroyed by fire Gradual change = seasonal temperature change Organisms that cope or adapt quickly to change: - feed on variety of foods - live in a wide range of different habitats


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