1. WELCOME TO THE MACHINE

2. POLITICAL MACHINE
 An organization, headed by a single boss that commands enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city
Notorious in bigger cities
New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Boston, ect
Three tier system

3. Tier System

4. Pros of Political Machines
Consolidate power in the hands of a boss
Less “red tape” to put up with
Provided immigrants with housing, jobs, ect.
Mayor Richard J. Daley, Chicago ( )
Argued they gave city governments the power and authority to cope with urban problems effectively

5. Cons of Political Machines
Corruption
Fraud
Creating fake voters to affect outcome of an election
Graft
Illegal use of political influence for personal gain
Kick backs
Taking a portion of earnings for the machine
Secretary of War, W.W. Belknap
Patronage
Giving of government jobs to people who had helped a candidate get elected

6. Boss Tweed

7. Boss Tweed Williams M. Tweed (1823-1878) Boss of Tammany Hall
Powerful Democratic political machine in New York
Tweed Ring
US House Representative ( )
Stole $25-$45 million from tax payer dollars
Arrested 1874
Released after a year, arrested again, escaped, captured in Spain

8. Civil Service Reform President James A. Garfield (R 1881)
Gave most of his patronage jobs to reformers
Assassinated 4 months into presidency by a stalwart
Died 2 months later
President Chester A. Arthur (R )
Stalwart
Surprised many by favoring reform
Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883)
Created examinations for applicants to take before they can be placed in certain government jobs

9. Who is the only US President to serve two non consecutive terms?
Answer: GROVER CLEVELAND

10. Grover Cleveland (D )
First Democrat elected President since the Civil War
Former Governor of New York ( )
Tariffs
Republicans wanted them raised
Higher tariffs protected American industry
Lower tariffs made products more affordable for consumers
Cleveland wanted to lower them
Loses election to Benjamin Harrison (R )
Defeats Harrison in 1892 election

11. McKinley Tariff Act 1890 Passed under the Harrison administration
Raised tariffs on manufactured goods from 38% to 49.5%
Highest they had ever been
Cleveland supported lowering it
Failed to do so to prevent establishment of a federal income tax

12. Big Business in Politics
Politicians turn to businesses
Harrison’s campaign financed largely by big companies
They wanted higher tariffs to protect their goods
Cleveland and J.P. Morgan strike a deal
U.S. gold supplies running low
U.S. would sell gold bonds to Morgan and Wall Street associates at a discount
Morgan would help to prevent gold from leaving the treasury
Cost Cleveland support in his own party

13. Current Event Assignment
Research money in politics today
Citizens United, Super PACs, big business, ect
Compare to the rise of business in politics in the late 1800s
How is it similar
How is it different
Do you believe money in politics is a good or bad thing?
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