1. Chapter 4 Skin and Body Membranes
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Seventh Edition
Elaine N. Marieb
Chapter 4 Skin and Body Membranes
Diseases and Disorders

2. Skin Homeostatic Imbalances
Athletes Foot
Caused by fungal infection
Itchy, red, peeling condition of the skin
between the toes
Nail Fungus
Caused by fungal infection

3. Skin Homeostatic Imbalances
Decubitus ulcers-bedsores
Caused by restriction of blood supply resulting in cell death
Slide 4.23

4. Skin Homeostatic Imbalances
Boils and carbuncles
Caused by bacterial infection
Inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
Common on the dorsal neck

5. Skin Homeostatic Imbalances
Herpes- Cold sores, Fever Blisters
Caused by Herpes simplex infection.
Virus localized in a cutenous nerve (activated by emotional upset, fever, or UV radiation.
Usually around the lips and in the oral mucosa
Slide 4.23
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6. Skin Homeostatic Imbalances
Contact Dermatitis
Itching, redness, and swelling of the skin
Exposure caused allergic reaction
Poison ivy, nickel (jewelry), soaps

7. Skin Homeostatic Imbalances
Impetigo
Caused by bacterial infection (staphylococcus)
Pink, water-filled, raised lessions
Common in elementary school-aged chlfren
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8. Skin Homeostatic Imbalances
Psoriasis
Cause is unknown (Maybe autoinmune disorder)
Characterized by overproduction of skin cells
Triggered by trauma, infection, stress, and hormonal changes
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9. Skin Homeostatic Imbalances
Burns
Tissue damage and cell death caused by intense heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals
Associated dangers
Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalance
Circulatory shock (Inadequate blood circulation)
Infection
Can lead to a shutdown of the kidenys
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10. Rules of Nines Way to determine the extent of burns
Body is divided into 11 areas for quick estimation
Each area represents about 9%
Slide 4.26
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11. Severity of Burns First degree burns Second degree burns
Only epidermis is damaged
Skin is red and swollen
Second degree burns
Epidermis and upper dermis are damaged
Skin is red with blisters
Slide 4.27
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12. Severity of Burns (cont.)
Third-degree burns
Destroys entire skin layer
Burn is gray-white or black
Nerve endings destroyed
Skin regeneration is not possible
Slide 4.27

13. Critical Burns Burns are considered critical if:
Over 25% of body has second degree burns
Over 10% of the body has third degree burns
There are third degree burns of the face, hands, or feet
Slide 4.28
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings