1. Skeletal and Muscular Systems
The Human Body
Skeletal and Muscular Systems

2. Human beings are ________________________ organisms with many
multicellular
Human beings are ________________________ organisms with many
kinds of ______________ which make up many types of ___________
which make up many types of ______________ which make up
several types of ____________ ______________. The main job of all
these groupings of cells is to provide all cells with basic needs such as
________________, _______________, and ___________ __________.
The systems that make up the human body include ________________,
____________________, _________________, __________________,
____________________, ________________, and ________________.
These systems _________________ with each other.
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
nutrients
oxygen
waste removal
digestive
skeletal muscular circulatory
respiratory nervous endocrine
lymphatic excretory reproductive
interact

3. The Skeletal System
The skeletal system is a network of _______________ located throughout
the body.
Functions of the skeletal system
Gives ________________ and _____________ to the body
Protection of ________________ ______________
Aids in _____________________ when used with the
__________________ that are attached to them and coordinated
by the _____________ _______________.
*Locomotion is necessary for
1. ________________ _______________
2. _______________ ________________
3. _______________ ________________
4. ________________________
4. The ________________ of bones produces __________ _______.
5. _________________ such as ______________ and
__________________ are stored in bones.
bones
shape support
internal organs
movement
muscles
nervous system
escaping danger
obtaining food
obtaining shelter
reproducing
marrow
blood cells
Minerals
calcium
phosphorus

4. B. Structure of bone
1. There are ________ bones in the human body. They are often
classified according to their ______________.
a. Long (__________________)
b. Flat (__________________)
c. Irregular (________________)
d. Short (______________________)
2. The outer surface of bones is covered with a membrane called the
______________________.
206
shape
femur
scapula
carpel, skull
phalanges
periosteum
____________ ____________ in this
membrane carry _______________ to the
bone (which, by the way, is living tissue!!!!)
It is also important for ____________ and
________________ of the bone.
3. Under the periosteum is the hard __________
bone which contains
a. ___________ _____________
b. ___________ _____________
c. ______________ including ____________
and __________________.
Blood vessels
nutrients
growth
repair
compact
bone cells
blood vessels
minerals calcium
phosphorus

5. ricketts
A lack of calcium and phosphorus causes the diseases _____________
and ________________________.
d. ______________ _______________ keep bones from
becoming too brittle or easily _______________.
e. ___________ ________________ is found
towards the ends of the bone. It contains
many small _________ __________ that make
the bone _____________________.
f. The hollow part in the middle of ____________
bones contains _______________ which produces
_________ ____________ ____________ and __________ _________
______________.
osteoporosis
Elastic fibers
broken
Spongy bone
open spaces
lightweight
long
marrow
red blood cells white blood
cells
g. The ends of bones are covered with a layer of __________________
so that they do not rub together, but move smoothly.
It also provides a ____________________
between vertebrae and in joints, and gives
structure to _______________ and
_________________.
cartilage
cushion
ears
noses

6. Bone tissue is made up of living cells
Bone tissue is made up of living cells!! It is always being ______________
and ________________________ by special bone cells. _________________
make new bone cells and ____________________________ break down
bone cells to send ____________________ to other parts of the body for
chemical reactions.
built
broken down
Osteoblasts
osteoclasts
calcium
3. A break in a bone is called a _________________ which can
be seen by an ____________________ photograph. Fractures
can be _____________________ where the skin is not broken
or ____________________ where the bone breaks through
the skin.
fracture
X-ray
simple
compoound

7. 4. Types of joints (where bones _______________)
a. Pivot – One bone _________________ in a ring of
another bone. Ex: ____________________________________
b. Ball-and-socket – The end of one bone fits into a ________ of
another bone. Ex: ___________ and _____________________
meet
rotates
head/neck
cup
hip shoulder

8. c. Hinge – Moves ____________ and ______________ like a door.
Ex: ______________, _____________, ________________,
______________, and ________________
back forth
elbows knees fingers
toes jaw
d. Gliding or sliding joint – one bone _____________ over
another bone. Ex: ________________, ________________,
and _________________________.
glides
wrist ankle
vertebrae

9. e. Immovable joints – No movement!! Ex: _______________ and
____________________
skull
pelvis
5. Bones in joints are held together by ______________________.
ligaments

10. The Muscular System
Muscles _________ body parts. They are ____________ that contract
and get _________________, causing body parts to ______________.
There are over ___________ muscles in the human body.
move
organs
shorter
move
600
A. Types of Muscles
1. Voluntary – Muscles that you _______________ consciously.
Ex: __________, _____________, ______________
2. Involuntary – Muscles that work _____________________ without
you thinking about it. Ex: ________________, ________________,
______________________
B. Types of Muscle Tissue
1. Skeletal muscle – attached to _____________
by ______________. These muscles are
_________________ muscles. Ex: __________
and ________________. These work in
________ to move bones in opposite directions.
control
leg arm face
continuously
heart digestive
diaphragm
bone
tendons
voluntary
bicep
tricep
pairs
* These muscles contract
quickly and tire easily.

11. 2. Smooth muscle - _______________________ muscles found
in the walls of the ________________, ___________________,
_________ ______________, and other organs. These muscles
contract and relax slowly but don't often tire.
involuntary
stomach intestines
blood vessels
3. Cardiac muscle - ____________________ muscle found only in
the ____________________.
involuntary
heart

12. Review Questions:
1. What holds bones together in a joint? ____________________
2. What attaches bones and muscles together? ______________________
3. What cushions bones in joints? _____________________
4. What makes blood cells? _____________________
5. What minerals are in bone? ________________ and ________________
6. What is the membrane that covers bones and aids in healing?
_______________________________
Maura goes out for track for a season and decreases her resting pulse rate
from 76 beats per minute to 66 beats per minute. How many beats per day
is she saving her heart by being in shape?
ligaments
tendons
cartilage
marrow
calcium phosphorus
periosteum
10 beats x 60 minutes x 24 hours =
minute hour day
14,400 beats per day!

13. Skeletal and Muscular Systems
The Human Body
Skeletal and Muscular Systems

14. Human beings are ________________________ organisms with many
kinds of ______________ which make up many types of ___________
which make up many types of ______________ which make up
several types of ____________ ______________. The main job of all
these groupings of cells is to provide all cells with basic needs such as
________________, _______________, and ___________ __________.
The systems that make up the human body include ________________,
____________________, _________________, __________________,
____________________, ________________, and ________________.
These systems _________________ with each other.

15. The Skeletal System
The skeletal system is a network of _______________ located throughout
the body.
Functions of the skeletal system
Gives ________________ and _____________ to the body
Protection of ________________ ______________
Aids in _____________________ when used with the
__________________ that are attached to them and coordinated
by the _____________ _______________.
*Locomotion is necessary for
1. _________________ _______________
2. _______________ ________________
3. _______________ ________________
4. ________________________
4. The ________________ of bones produces __________ _______.
5. _________________ such as ______________ and
__________________ are stored in bones.

16. B. Structure of bone
1. There are ________ bones in the human body. They are often
classified according to their ______________.
a. Long (__________________)
b. Flat (__________________)
c. Irregular (________________)
d. Short (______________________)
2. The outer surface of bones is covered with a membrane called the
______________________.
____________ ____________ in this
membrane carry _______________ to the
bone (which, by the way, is living tissue!!!!)
It is also important for ____________ and
________________ of the bone.
3. Under the periosteum is the hard __________
bone which contains
a. ___________ _____________
b. ___________ _____________
c. ______________ including ____________
and __________________.

17. A lack of calcium and phosphorus causes the diseases _____________
d. ______________ _______________ keep bones from
becoming too brittle or easily _______________.
e. ___________ ________________ is found
towards the ends of the bone. It contains
many small _________ __________ that make
the bone _____________________.
f. The hollow part in the middle of ____________
bones contains _______________ which produces
_________ ____________ ____________ and __________ _________
______________.
g. The ends of bones are covered with a layer of __________________
so that they do not rub together, but move smoothly.
It also provides a ____________________
between vertebrae and in joints, and gives
structure to _______________ and
_________________.

18. Bone tissue is made up of living cells
Bone tissue is made up of living cells!! It is always being ______________
and ________________________ by special bone cells. _________________
make new bone cells and ____________________________ break down
bone cells to send ____________________ to other parts of the body for
chemical reactions.
3. A break in a bone is called a _________________ which can
be seen by an ____________________ photograph. Fractures
can be _____________________ where the skin is not broken
or ____________________ where the bone breaks through
the skin.

19. 4. Types of joints (where bones _______________)
a. Pivot – One bone _________________ in a ring of
another bone. Ex: ____________________________________
b. Ball-and-socket – The end of one bone fits into a ________ of
another bone. Ex: ___________ and _____________________

20. c. Hinge – Moves ____________ and ______________ like a door.
Ex: ______________, _____________, ________________,
______________, and ________________
d. Gliding or sliding joint – one bone _____________ over
another bone. Ex: ________________, ________________,
and _________________________.

21. e. Immovable joints – No movement!! Ex: _______________ and
____________________
5. Bones in joints are held together by ______________________.

22. The Muscular System
Muscles _________ body parts. They are ____________ that contract
and get _________________, causing body parts to ______________.
There are over ___________ muscles in the human body.
A. Types of Muscles
1. Voluntary – Muscles that you _______________ consciously.
Ex: __________, _____________, ______________
2. Involuntary – Muscles that work _____________________ without
you thinking about it. Ex: ________________, ________________,
______________________
B. Types of Muscle Tissue
1. Skeletal muscle – attached to _____________
by ______________. These muscles are
_________________ muscles. Ex: __________
and ________________. These work in
________ to move bones in opposite directions.
* These muscles contract
quickly and tire easily.

23. 2. Smooth muscle - _______________________ muscles found
in the walls of the ________________, ___________________,
_________ ______________, and other organs. These muscles
contract and relax slowly but don't often tire.
3. Cardiac muscle - ____________________ muscle found only in
the ____________________.

24. Review Questions:
1. What holds bones together in a joint? ____________________
2. What attaches bones and muscles together? ______________________
3. What cushions bones in joints? _____________________
4. What makes blood cells? _____________________
5. What minerals are in bone? ________________ and ________________
6. What is the membrane that covers bones and aids in healing?
_______________________________
Maura goes out for track for a season and decreases her resting pulse rate
from 76 beats per minute to 66 beats per minute. How many beats per day
is she saving her heart by being in shape?