1. How do populations interact?
final chapter

2. Populations compete amongst themselves & between other populations

3. Populations compete amongst themselves & between other populations
…between populations

4. dayum!

5. Populations compete amongst themselves & beteen other populations…
…between populations

6. Populations COMPETE amongst themselves & beteen other populations & BETWEEN TROPHIC LEVELS!

7. ECOLOGY PYRAMIDS show the FEEDING RELATIONSHIPS among a GROUP of ORGANISMS.

8. LET’S MAKE THREE!!!!
Kids get out their food webs, paper template, scissors and cut their pyramid sheet out. Gather colored pencils.

9. ECOLOGY PYRAMIDS measure THREE THINGS!
NUMBERS
BIOMASS
ENERGY

10. 3 ECOLOGY PYRAMIDS NUMBERS of individuals
BIOMASS—amount of MASS they make up
ENERGY—the amount of energy (calories) they ALL contain

11. LET’S START OFF EASY…

12. ECOLOGY PYRAMIDS measure THREE THINGS!
NUMBERS of individuals
BIOMASS—amount of MASS they make up
ENERGY—the amount of energy (calories) they ALL contain

13. Pick a critter off your food web that could be on your FOURTH trophic level!

14. Pick a critter off your food web that could be on your FOURTH trophic level!

15. He’s a TERTIARY CONSUMER!
Choose one of the pyramids as a NUMBERS pyramid. DRAW or LABEL ONE of these consumers here!
4TH TROPHIC LEVEL
He’s a TERTIARY CONSUMER!
NUMBERS pyramid

16. Now check your food web to see what food this consumer eats.

17. Draw &/or label 10x as many of these secondary consumers here!
SO, IF YOU HAD 1 FOX AT THE TOP OF YOUR PYRAMID…HOW MANY BIRDS SHOULD YOU HAVE AT THIS TROPHIC LEVEL? 10
3RD TROPHIC LEVEL
NUMBERS pyramid

18. Now check your food web to find who your PRIMARY CONSUMERS are

19. Draw &/or label 10x as many of these consumers at your second trophic level here!
SO, IF YOU HAD 30 BIRDS, HOW MANY BUNNIES, GRASSHOPPERS & MICE SHOULD YOU HAVE AT THIS LEVEL?
4th
3rd
2nd
1st trophic level
NUMBERS pyramid

20. Draw &/or label 10x as many of these consumers at your second trophic level here!
SO, IF YOU HAD 10 BIRDS, HOW MANY BUNNIES, GRASSHOPPERS & MICE SHOULD YOU HAVE AT THIS 2ND LEVEL? 100!!!!!!
4th
3rd
2nd
1st trophic level
NUMBERS pyramid

21. Check for your autotrophs…

22. Draw and/or label all your producer/autotroph (plants & stuff) down here, MULTIPLIED by 10!!
So, how many numbers of producers /autotrophs are at the base of this numbers pyramid?
1000
4th
3rd
2nd
1st trophic level
NUMBERS pyramid

23. don’t forget to put numbers in your numbers pyramid!

24. As you move UP each trophic level, how many organisms are available at next higher trophic level?
10%
50%
90%
100%
4th
3rd
2nd
1st trophic level
NUMBERS pyramid

25. As you move up each trophic level, how many organisms are available at next higher trophic level?
only 10%
50%
90%
100%
4th
3rd
2nd
1st trophic level
NUMBERS pyramid

26. NUMBERS ECOLOGY PYRAMID:
POPULATION SIZE DECREASES by 90% each level

27. LET’S DO ANOTHER..

28. PICK AN ADJOINING EMPTY PYRAMID YOU HAVEN’T FILLED IN
oodchain.html
LET’S DO ANOTHER…
PICK AN ADJOINING EMPTY PYRAMID YOU HAVEN’T FILLED IN

29. we’ll call this a BIOMASS PYRAMID

30. do you remember what BIOMASS IS?

31. BIOMASS is the total amount of living or recently living matter in our world.

32. Our BIOMASS PYRAMID measures the MASS of BIOMASS in EACH TROPHIC LEVEL
NOTE HOW WE MEASURE EACH TROPHIC LEVEL IN MASS (Kg) RATHER THAN IN NUMBERS.

33. we’ll call this a BIOMASS PYRAMID
DOES BIOMASS INCREASE or DECREASE as you MOVE DOWN to the 1ST TROPHIC LEVEL?
BIOMASS pyramid

34. we’ll call this a BIOMASS PYRAMID
DOES BIOMASS INCREASES as you MOVE DOWN to the 1ST TROPHIC LEVEL. WHY?
BIOMASS pyramid

35. Just look outside. Isn’t it OBVIOUS
Just look outside. Isn’t it OBVIOUS? Most life in our world are producers.

36. HOW MUCH is BIOMASS REDUCED as you go UP EACH TROPHIC LEVEL?
10%
50%
90%
100%DO ES
BIOMASS pyramid

37. HOW MUCH is BIOMASS REDUCED as you go UP EACH TROPHIC LEVEL?
10%
50%
90%
100%DO ES
BIOMASS pyramid

38. So, if you are a WHALE & you need to eat a LOT each day, would you feed on higher or lower trophic levels?

39. So, if you are a WHALE & you need to eat a LOT each day, would you feed on higher or lower trophic levels? LOWER…there’s more food down here!

40. So, if we have to feed more people on Earth, will we need to eat more meats or produce?
10%
50%
90%
100%DO ES
BIOMASS pyramid

41. So, if we have to feed more people on Earth, we need to eat more produce?
10%
50%
90%
100%DO ES
BIOMASS pyramid

42. Make sure your BIOMASS pyramid has actual MASS in KILOGRAMS on it!
10%
50%
90%
100%DO ES
BIOMASS pyramid

43. last one!

44. How does energy flow WITHIN A FOOD WEB?
Let’s do our last ecology pyramid…pick the right side so you can make a pyramid!

45. ENERGY PYRAMIDS measure the amount of energy in KILOCALORIES available at each trophic level.
Like the other pyramids, where is most of the energy stored in our world’s food?
ENERGY pyramid

46. ENERGY PYRAMIDS measure the amount of energy available at each trophic level.
Like the other pyramids, where is most of the energy stored in our world’s food?
ENERGY pyramid

47. MOST of our world’s food ENERGY is stored within our AUTOTROPHS because they get their energy FROM WHERE?
Like the other pyramids, where is most of the energy stored in our world’s food? the BOTTOM!
ENERGY pyramid

48. We measure biomass in kilograms (Kg), what do we measure ENERGY in?
MOST of our world’s food ENERGY is stored within our AUTOTROPHS because they get their energy FROM THE SUN!!!
We measure biomass in kilograms (Kg), what do we measure ENERGY in?
ENERGY pyramid

49. Make sure your ENERGY pyramid is labels with KILOCALORIES (kcal)!!!
We measure biomass in kilograms (Kg), what do we measure ENERGY in? KILOCALORIES (kcal)!
Make sure your ENERGY pyramid is labels with KILOCALORIES (kcal)!!!
ENERGY pyramid

50. What percent of ENERGY is LOST as you GO UP each TROPHIC LEVEL?
10%
50%
90%
100%
ENERGY pyramid

51. What percent of ENERGY is LOST as you GO UP each TROPHIC LEVEL?
10%
50%
90%
100%
ENERGY pyramid

52. %Where does 90% of the energy go?
Only 10% of chemical energy is available to the next highest trophic level.
%Where does 90% of the energy go?
ENERGY pyramid

53. As we EAT we lose body _ _ _ _!

54. As we EAT we LOSE body HEAT!

55. Most energy is lost by higher level consumers as HEAT
Only 10% of chemical energy is available to the next highest trophic level.
Most energy is lost by higher level consumers as HEAT
ENERGY pyramid

56. ENERGY is increasingly LOST as HEAT
Only 10% of chemical energy is available to the next highest trophic level. MOST ENERGY IS LOST AS HEAT!
Draw this arrow & note what’s written inside!
ENERGY is increasingly LOST as HEAT
ENERGY pyramid

57. REMEMBER THE RULE OF 10: As you go up a trophic level, only 10% of the NUMBERS, MASS & ENERGY is avaible for the next level.

58. tiered discussion follows…

59. why is there the most energy with producers???
….that 1st trophic level?

60. Decomposers
MOST ENERGY AVAILABLE
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
TERTIARY
2ND TROPHIC
4TH TROPHIC
FIRST TROPHIC
3RD TROPHIC
TROPHIC LEVELS represent TRANSFERS OF ENERGY from one organism to another.

61. LEAST ENERGY AVAILABLE
Decomposers
LEAST ENERGY AVAILABLE
MOST ENERGY AVAILABLE
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
TERTIARY
2ND TROPHIC
4TH TROPHIC
FIRST TROPHIC
3RD TROPHIC
TROPHIC LEVELS represent TRANSFERS OF ENERGY from one organism to another.

62. WHICH NEEDS MORE ENERGY TO GET FOOD?
LOW LEVEL PRODUCERS?
UPPER LEVEL CONSUMERS?

63. LEAST ENERGY AVAILABLE
MOST ENERGY USED UP!
Decomposers
LEAST ENERGY AVAILABLE
MOST ENERGY AVAILABLE
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
TERTIARY
2ND TROPHIC
4TH TROPHIC
FIRST TROPHIC
3RD TROPHIC
Upper trophic levels have the least energy available & they use the most energy to hunt, flee & reproduce.

64. Do we lose or gain energy as we go up trophic levels?

65. We LOSE 90% of energy as we go up trophic levels!

66. When dinosaurs’ environment changed, there was NOT enough food energy to meet their GARGANTUAN energy needs at higher trophic levels!

67. LEAST ENERGY AVAILABLE
Decomposers
LEAST ENERGY AVAILABLE
MOST ENERGY AVAILABLE
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
TERTIARY
2ND TROPHIC
4TH TROPHIC
FIRST TROPHIC
3RD TROPHIC
TROPHIC LEVELS represent TRANSFERS OF ENERGY from one organism to another.

68. Your PYRAMID should have THREE (3) SIDES!

69. ENERGY BIOMASS NUMBERS

70. Some follow-up questions…

71. If the world becomes way too overpopulated, why will we eat less meat?

72. What costs less: Pound of apples or pound of shrimp?
Pound of bread or a pound of hamburger?
Pound of sugar or pound of chicken?

73. What costs less: WHY????? Pound of apples or pound of shrimp?
Pound of bread or a pound of hamburger?
Pound of sugar or pound of chicken?

74. BIOMASS ecology PYRAMID:
AVAILABLE BIOMASS DECREASES

75. Energy pyramid…

76. ENERGY ecological PYRAMID:

77. ENERGY ecological PYRAMID:

78. ENERGY ecological PYRAMID:

79. ENERGY ecological PYRAMID: We lose more energy the higher trophic levels we go!

80. As we EAT, we LOSE ENERGY as body HEAT!

81. Your ecology pyramid should have three (3) sides: ENERGY BIOMASS NUMBERS

82. DON’T FORGET TO SHOW THE FOLLOWING!
NUMBERS pyramid:
show, label & draw numbers of producers, consumers (primary…etc.)
BIOMASS pyramid:
show, label and draw different organisms, show masses with the RULE of 10
ENERGY pyramid:
show, label and draw different organisms, show energies with the RULE of 10