1. Things you have to have memorized

2. Common polyatomic ions
Ammonium
NH4+
Chlorate
ClO3-
Acetate
CH3CO2-
Perchlorate
ClO4-
Chromate
CrO42-
Nitrate
NO3-
Permanganate
MnO4-
Dichromate
Cr2O72-
Nitrite
NO2-
Carbonate
CO32-
Hydroxide
OH-
Sulfate
SO42-
Phosphate
PO43-
Hypochlorite
ClO-
Sulfite
SO32-
Chlorite
ClO2-
Oxalate
Cyanide
CN-
Thiocyanate
SCN-
Hydrogen carbonate
HCO3-
Hydrogen sulfate
HSO4-
Hydrogen sulfite
HSO3-
Iodate
IO3-
Bromate
BrO3-
C2O42-
Silicate
SiO32-
Thiosulfate
S2O32-
Arsenate
AsO43-

3. Strong acids All Halogens except Fluorine. Get the F out.
formula
Formula
Hydrochloric acid
HCl
Sulfuric Acid
H2SO4
Hydrobromic acid
HBr
Nitric Acid
HNO3
Hydriodic acid HI
Perchloric Acid
HClO4
All Halogens except Fluorine. Get the F out.
All oxyanions where there are 2 or more oxygen atoms than hydrogen

4. Strong Bases Name Formula Sodium Hydroxide NaOH Calcium Hydroxide
these make a lightning bolt
on the periodic table!
Name
Formula
Sodium Hydroxide
NaOH
Calcium Hydroxide
Ca(OH)2
Potassium Hydroxide
KOH
Strontium Hydroxide
Sr(OH)2
All group 1 elements
(Group 1)OH
Barium Hydroxide
Ba(OH)2

5. Strong Acids/Bases
Strong acids and bases completely dissociate in water.
For any net ionic equation, they will be H+ (H3O+) or OH-
Generally the conjugate acid or base is a spectator ion

6. Charge common of monoatomic ions
All Group 1 elements are +
All Group 2 are 2+
All halogens are -
Ag is +
Cd, Zn and Ni are 2+
Al and Sc are 3+
Cu 2+ / +
Fe 3+/ 2+ Cr 3+/ 2+ Co 2+ /3+
Pb 2+ /4+ Sn 4+ / 2+

8. Solubility Rules Acids are soluble.
Compounds of: alkali metals, ammonium, nitrate, chlorate are soluble.
Halogens and silver, mercury or lead are insoluble (AgCl is the most common)

9. Solutions Most solutions are clear. Copper solutions are blue.
Nickel solutions are green
Iron III is yellow to orange.
(Iron II is light blue)
Permanganate is purple
Chromate is yellow
Dichromate is orange
Metal coordination complexes are a variety of colors.

10. Precipitates/metal salts
Most precipitates are white
Most copper precipitates are blue
Iron III are orange

11. Gases H2, He, NH3, CH4 float. Everything else sinks in regular air.
All noble gases are nonreactive (will put out a flame.
CO2 and N2 also put out a flame.
O2 reignites a smoldering splint.
H2 “pops” in a flame
CH4 burns with O2

12. Metal Ion Flame Tests Li+ Red Na+ Orange K+ Pink/Purple Ca2+
Color
Li+
Red
Na+
Orange K+
Pink/Purple
Ca2+
Orange/Red
Sr2+
Ba2+
Green
Cu2+
Blue/Green
Fe3+
Gold