1. Introduction to Music: Musical Forms & Styles
Instructor: Anthony Johnson
Course: Music 100

2. Musical Form Binary Forms
Binary form -- A tonally closed musical entity in two sections, both of which are usually repeated. (In letter form looks like AB)
"Tonally closed" means "beginning and ending in the tonic, exhibiting melodic and harmonic closure.” The two sections are referred to as reprises
We classify binary forms in 2 ways:
According to their tonal form (their harmonic shape)
Their surface design (the patterns of melodic repetition that occur in the music).

3. Musical Form Tonal form -- Sectional or Continuous?
If the first reprise ends with a perfect authentic cadence in the tonic key, the design is referred to as a sectional binary.
If the first reprise ends with any other kind of cadence, the design is referred to as a continuous binary.
Cadence:
A cadence is a place in a piece of music that feels like a stopping or resting point.

4. Musical Form Surface design -- Simple or Rounded?
If the second reprise lacks such a return of the opening material, it is a simple binary.
If the second reprise concludes with a return of the opening material from the first reprise, the design is referred to as a rounded binary. In such cases, the beginning of the second reprise is called the bridge, and will lead to a half cadence in the tonic.

5. Musical Form The interaction of motivic design and tonal form Motive:
In music, a leading phrase or figure that is reproduced and varied through the course of a composition or movement
Sectional binaries can be either simple or rounded, as can continuous binaries. As a result, there are four basic kinds of binary form: simple sectional, simple continuous, rounded sectional and rounded continuous.
Tonal Form Surface Design
Sectional Simple
Sectional Rounded
Continuous Simple
Continuous Rounded

6. Musical Form Special examples of binary form
Quatrain form
One common type of rounded binary design consists of four phrases, two in each reprise. Motivically they relate to one another as |aa|ba|. This type of rounded binary design is called a quatrain. In a continuous rounded binary form in quatrain design, the first reprise will often end with a PAC in the dominant; the bridge will lead to another cadence on the dominant, this one a half cadence in I. It is important to hear the latter as a kind of answer to the challenge of the former, reasserting the dominant's role as a triad in the tonic key rather than as a new tonic in its own right.

7. Musical Form Balanced Binary
In some simple continuous binary forms, there is a kind of "rhyme" between the closing gesture of the first reprise and the closing gesture of the second. In other words, the cadential material at the end of the first reprise (in the key of the dominant) will return, transposed to the tonic, at the end of the second reprise.

8. Musical Form Ternary Form
This is a form used to structure compositions. The form is comprised of three sections (ABA). The form was often used from the classical period onward as the basis for marches, minuets, scherzos, and independent works.
This musical form could be considered a more structured version of Binary form. While in Binary form, it’s customary to repeat the first section (giving a structure of ABA'); in ternary form, it is customary to repeat the first section and then repeat it at the end (giving the structure of AA'BA). Harmonically, Ternary form is different from Binary in that instead of ending the first section in the opening key it may end in a different key - the first section is completely independent. In binary form, the sections compliment each other, the material in the sections are related thematically. In ternary form, the sections are meant to contrast/conflict one another. For unification, however, it is still important when composing these forms to link the two ideas in some appropriate manner

9. Musical Form Ternary Form Ternary form has two distinct types:
simple ternary (ABA)
compound ternary (ABACDCABA)
Simple Ternary
In simple ternary form, the first and third parts are musically identical, or very nearly so, while the second part contrasts sharply with it. The middle section will generally be in a different key from the first section. It usually also has a contrasting character; in a march, for example, the highly rhythmic and strident character of the march itself is usually contrasted with a more lyrical and flowing. Often in the second section the time signature may change to ¾ as opposed to the 4/4 of the first section.

10. Musical Form Ternary Form Compound Ternary
In compound ternary form, each section is itself a ternary or binary.
As seen in the above picture, each section is a ternary. The first and third sections are identical, whereas the middle section is different. One can even compound each section even more by making the smaller sections inside each section ternary as well.

11. Questions & Disscussion
1-What is a tonally closed musical entity in two sections, both of which are usually repeated.
Binary Form
2-This is a place in a piece of music that feels like a stopping or resting point.
Cadence
3-This is a common type of rounded binary design consisting of four phrases, two in each reprise.
Quatrain
4-This form is comprised of three sections (ABA).
Ternary Form
5-In this form the first and third sections are identical, whereas the middle section is different.
Compound Ternary