1. The French and Indian War and its Aftermath

2. Starter: Feb. 9th
You will answer these as we go through the notes! They will be turned in as your exit slip at the end of class!
What role did salutary neglect play in the development of the colonies?
What were the effects of the French and Indian War? (3 things)
Why did King George III pass the Proclamation of 1763?

3. Review
Salutary Neglect: Britain’s hands off policy toward the colonies from the late 1600s until 1763.
Mercantilism: Britain’s economic policy toward the colonies to create a favorable balance of trade for Great Britain, thereby getting rich off the colonies.

4. Albany Plan of Union Proposed by Benjamin Franklin.
The colonies debated a plan to bring the 13 colonies under a more centralized control.
Seven colonies adopted the plan, but never carried it out.
But, it showed that many colonists were thinking about joining together for their safety
And with the French and Indian War looming, cooperation among the colonies will become very important.
What do the letters on the political cartoon stand for?
Why are there only 8 parts to the snake?

5. The French and Indian War: The Beginnings
In the 1750’s, France was Britain’s greatest rival in the struggle to build a world empire.
As the French began to move south from Canada into the Ohio River Valley, they began to clash with the British who had already claimed the land for themselves.
In 1754 France built Fort Necessity close to the claimed British land.

6. The Spark
The colony of Virginia sent a small band of militia to deal with the French. This group was led by a 22 year old George Washington.
In May of 1754 Washington’s militia attacked a small group of French soldiers.
The French quickly countered and in the following July Washington surrendered to the French.
This battle was the opening of the French and Indian War.

7. The War Begins
General Edward Braddock led the charge against the French.
Braddock’s first assault on the French was a failure.
His troops were ambushed by a combined French and Native American force and fled the battle in fear.
Washington and many colonists were surprised at the British Army and many began to lose faith in their competence.
From 1755 to 1756 the British lost battle after battle.
General Braddock

8. The British Bounce Back
King George II of England decided to change his government to help win the war.
One of these new politicians named William Pitt was able to reinvigorate the army which led to more victories.
They then began to attract Native attention and the powerful Iroquois joined on the British side.
William Pitt

9. Decisive Victory In September of 1759, the war took a dramatic turn.
General James Wolfe scaled the cliffs protecting Quebec and captured their commander.
This victory at Quebec led to the end of the war.

10. The Treaty of Paris, 1763
The French and Indian War officially ended in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris.
With it, Great Britain claimed all of North America east of the Mississippi River. This included Florida, which was a Spanish colony, since they were allied with France.
Spain gained the French lands west of the Mississippi including the city of New Orleans.
The ultimate losers were the Native Americans, who found the British tougher to deal with than the French were.

11. Video
Crash Course: the Seven Years War

13. The Problems With Victory
Great Britain had difficulties claiming its new land in the Ohio River Valley. This was due to Native American resistance.
An Ottawa leader named Pontiac led Native Americans in a rebellion against the British.
The British decided to deal with the Natives using biological warfare. They gave out smallpox infected blankets to two Delaware chiefs, and the disease spread like wildfire.
By the end of 1765 most Native Americans groups, weakened by disease and war, negotiated treaties with the British.

14. The Colonies and Britain Grow Apart
To avoid further conflict with native peoples, the British issued the Proclamation of 1763, which banned all settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Another result of the French and Indian War was a new debt. It took money to wage the war and now they had to station more troops in the colonies to defend against native attacks.
This debt led Britain to pass some new financial legislation that would anger many colonists.

15. George Grenville
George Grenville was chosen by King George III to deal with the national debt as Prime Minister.
Grenville suspected that colonists were smuggling goods into the country, which was cutting into valuable British revenue.
He then prompted Parliament to pass the Sugar Act in 1764.
George Grenville

16. The Sugar Act The Sugar Act of 1764 had three main parts:
Halved the duty on foreign-made molasses. This was done in hopes that colonists would pay the lower tax rather than risk smuggling.
Placed duties on certain imports.
Strengthened the enforcement of the law allowing prosecutors to try smuggling cases in a vice-admiralty court run by the British government, rather than a more sympathetic colonial court.
After 1764 the colonies and Britain began to disagree more and more on key issues such as taxation. This would eventually lead to a revolution.

17. Nothing New…
This is not the first time Britain has taken measures against colonial economics.
As soon as there were colonies in the New World, Britain has worked to exploit them economically.
Starting with the ideal of Mercantilism: an economic theory that trade generates wealth that is stimulated by a favorable balance of trade.

18. Nothing New cont…
With the ideals of Mercantilism running Britain's trading empire they began to pass laws to create their favorable balance of trade.
One of these laws was the Navigations Acts of 1651 which forbade the use of foreign ships to ship goods between Britain and its colonies.
This law prevented the colonies from trading directly with other countries, which kept more of the wealth of the colonies within the hands of the British empire.

19. Contradiction
Although Britain released these laws they were not necessarily enforced.
The unofficial policy of salutary neglect helped to lessen the regulation of strict trade policies on the colonies.
This policy would allow the colonies more freedom from British rule, which would lead them to form their own governments, aka “self-rule”.
This idea of self-rule held by the colonists because of salutary neglect was a key factor in causing the Revolutionary War.

20. Visual Representation of the French and Indian War
Fold a sheet of white paper in half (hamburger style).
Label the top half “The French and Indian War”, and draw and color a visual representation of what happened during the French and Indian War (what they were fighting over or what happened during the war). You may use words and pictures.
Label the bottom half “Effects of the War” and draw and color a visual representation of at least one result of the war. You may use words and pictures.