1. The 5 Groups of Food Nutrients

2. Essential Nutrients Are Necessary/Required for Life!
Without any one, you or any animal will die

3. 5 Essential Nutrients
Water
Protein
Energy
Vitamins
Minerals

4. Water Water is the most abundant nutrient
Although it is found in all feeds, it is often neglected
There is 10% water in air dry feeds
There is 80% water in grass

5. Functions of Water in the Body
Helps to regulate body temperature
Acts as a carrier/transporter in the form of blood, urine, and sweat

6. Proteins Are composed of chains of amino acids
This essential nutrient is necessary in order to build parts of the animal’s body such as muscle
Processing such as heating/roasting prevents bacterial digestion of this nutrient in the rumen of ruminant animals

7. Examples of Feeds High in Protein
Meat and Bone Meal
Soybeans and Meal
Distillers and Brewers Grains
Fish Meal
Milk Products
Meat Scrap
Blood Meal
Linseed Meal
Cottonseed Meal
Corn Gluten Feed and Meal

8. Energy
Energy consists of both carbohydrates (sugars/starches) and fats/oils
This nutrient provides the calories necessary for moving, working, growing, and generating heat
Fats are solid at room temperature
Oils are liquid at room temperature

9. Examples of Feeds High in Energy
Corn Oil
Linseed Oil
Cottonseed Oil
Barley
Rye
Grain Sorghum
Dried Beet Pulp
Corn
Oats
Wheat
Soybean Oil
Animal Fats
Grain By-Products (wheat bran)

10. Vitamins
The essential nutrients, vitamins, “catalyze” or start necessary chemical reactions in the body

11. More Vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins are dissolved and stored in fatty tissues in the body
Examples of these vitamins are A, D, E, and K

12. More Vitamins
Water-soluble vitamins are dissolved in water throughout the body
Examples of these vitamins are C and B-complex

13. Minerals
The essential nutrients, minerals, are important for growth and maintenance of teeth and bones in the body

14. Classification for Minerals
Macro/Major Minerals are needed in larger amounts (silo) in the body
Micro/Trace Minerals are needed in very small amounts (thimble) in the body

15. Examples of Macro/Major Minerals
Calcium
Phosphorus
Sodium
Chlorine

16. Examples of Micro/Trace Minerals
Metals (Iron, Chromium, Copper, and Zinc)
Fluorine
Selenium
Iodine