1. Religion 8 Unit 3.2 sacraments of Marriage and Holy Orders

2. Love
Who do you love?
Who loves you?
Who is difficult to love? Why?

3. What is Love?
What kinds of loving relationships are there? (Between mother daughter…)
What does loving someone mean?
How do you know if you love someone?
What are some ways you can show love to others?

4. A letter from St. Paul to the Corinthians (often one of the readings chosen in wedding ceremonies)
Saint Paul tells us the most important quality we can have is to be able to love (see 1 Corinthians 13). True love is the only thing that can really make a difference in the world, Paul says. He describes true love:
“Love is patient; love is kind; love is not envious or boastful or arrogant or rude. It does not insist on its own way; it is not irritable or resentful; it does not rejoice in wrongdoing, but rejoices in the truth. It bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things. Loves never ends”.
( 1 Corinthians )

5. True Love
is self-giving. When we act out of love, we care about the person as much as or more than we do about ourselves. True love is also faithful love. Finally true love is unconditional love. Jesus gave us an example of perfect and true love when he gave his life out of love for us.

6. Marriage and Holy Orders: Signs and Teachers of love:
St. Paul says love is patient. The promise of a married couple to always be there for each other is a promise of patience. The promise to serve God’s people as a priest or a deacon is also a promise of patience; it means reaching out to people even when they don’t want to be reached out to or don’t appreciate it. Paul also says that love is not envious or boastful or arrogant. When people enter into a marriage or receive the sacrament of holy orders, they link their success with the success and well-being of their spouse or their community.

7. The sacraments of marriage and holy orders remind us that co-operation is better than competition.
Marriage and holy orders are commitments to offer the best of oneself and to search for and bring out the best in a spouse or community, no matter how long it takes. As Paul says, love bears all things, believes all things, endures all things, and never ends. This is what fidelity is; remaining loyal regardless of how one feels when things become difficult. The commitment to a marriage or holy orders is for life.

8. Marriage and Holy Orders: Signs and Teachers of Love
Marriage and Holy Orders are sacraments that model faithful service. They help us to understand what it means to love fully and to give freely. They reveal Christ, who loves us completely and freely and who even gave his life for us.

9. Sacrament of Holy Orders:
Bishop ordains members of the Christian community to minister to the people of God and build up the body of Christ through faithful love and service.
There are three orders in the Catholic community: bishops, presbyters and deacons. (‘Presbyter’ means ‘elder’. We often call this order ‘priests’. The word presbyter is used because priest can mean bishop or priest.)

10. Other Vocations:
A vocation is a call from God to give of one’s self for the sake of others. Each one of us has a vocation; marriage. Holy Orders, religious life, even a personal commitment to serve God and God’s love.

11. Marriage- faqs
What do you want to know?

12. Marriage is supposed to be…
Lifelong Faithfulness
Indissoluble
Generative

13. Holy orders- faqs
What do you want to know?

14. Marriage

15. The Path to Marriage What is cohabitation? What are your thoughts?
Not recommended by the church, as you haven’t made a full commitment of service to one another

16. Communication: is the key to discover whether a couple wants to get married.
What do they need to communicate about?
Prior to entering the sacrament of marriage, it is important that couples discuss the following issues:
the roles in marriage
support of the family (i.e. in-laws)
issue of dealing with change
children
coping with conflict
partnership
religious beliefs
financial issues
hopes and dreams

17. Why Marry? sharing life with a loving companion creating new life
strengthening individual identities
calling forth the best in each person
enabling the couple to reach out beyond themselves in hospitality and compassion
supporting the journey in faith

18. COMPARING MARRIAGE Using CIVIL AND CANON LAW
CIVIL LAW
law of the land applying to each individual
CANON LAW
laws of the Church- canon means “rule”
MARRIAGE a legal agreement (contract) between a man and a woman
MARRIAGE LICENSE issued by City Hall necessary to be married
CITY HALL Judge or Justice of the Peace requires two witnesses
JUDGE OR JUSTICE OF THE PEACE performs the ceremony and signs contract to make marriage legal
MARRIAGE a sacrament bonding of two people
MARRIAGE LICENSE civil and Church license issued by priest
CHURCH WEDDING blessing of the Church, performed in front of family and friends
usually have Eucharistic Celebration
PRIEST performs ceremony and signs canon law contract & makes marriage legal

19. COMPARING MARRIAGE Using CIVIL AND CANON LAW
CIVIL LAW
CANON LAW
THE SERVICE exchange of vows
LEGAL AGREEMENT marriage is a legal agreement
CONTRACT marriage requires responsibilities to be met
DIVORCE legal separation of two married people division of property
THE MASS Eucharistic Celebration and exchange of vows
COVENANT sacred promise of made between the couple and God
SACRAMENT marriage is a sacrament
ANNULMENT not divorce necessary to be married in the Church again

20. The Sacrament of Marriage
“The matrimonial covenant, by which a man and a woman establish between themselves a partnership of the whole of life, is by its nature ordered toward the good of the spouses and the procreation and education of offspring; this covenant between baptized persons has been raised by Christ the Lord to the dignity of a sacrament.” CCC §1601 (other catechism reference )
A sacrament is a visible sign given to us by Jesus to bring God's love into our lives in a special way.
Marriage is a sacrament, which the couple gives to each other not only on their wedding day, but also in every loving thing they say or do for each other for the rest of their lives (... ongoing and living ways of receiving and sharing with others God's special gifts and love).

21. The Sacrament of Marriage continued
Whatever a couple shares together in their marriage is sacramental and holy as long as it is done with love.
When two Christians freely give their love to each other forever.
It is between two baptized Christians.
Vatican II – “an intimate community of conjugal life and love. Marriage is a community of life and love, founded in mutual and irrevocable covenant”
St. Paul saw marriage as a reflection of the relationship between Jesus and his Church. (e.g. Ephesians 5:25-33

22. The Sacrament of Marriage continued
Christian marriage is a two-tiered sacrament. On one level it is a celebration of the ultimate communion of life and love between a man and a woman. The second level “proclaims, makes explicit and celebrates the intimate life, love and Grace between God and God’s people, and between Christ and Christ people, the Church”. (Karl Rahner, S.J.)
The Christian sacrament of marriage is experienced on at least five levels:
sexual
creative
the loving
the ecclesial
the spiritual

23. Definition of Marriage
Catholic Church defines a true marriage as a permanent and faithful love bond made freely. It is a deliberate choice and promise by two people for each other over any and all others.
Church does not recognize marriages into which couples are somehow pressured or coerced against their will.
Catholic Tradition ‑ has always taken the permanence of marriage seriously. Permanence in marriage is necessary for the good of all society. If marriages end easily, society suffers from instability. Broken marriages cause emotional, financial, spiritual, and interpersonal pain and dislocation.

24. Marriage in the Church – or is it a Church Wedding?
A Church wedding ‑ a ceremony performed in a church building.
Marriage in the Church ‑ "a marriage preparation course is required so that a couple realizes that marriage is a sacrament in union with the whole Church." This implies that the persons knows what the sacrament means and wishes to declare before the gathered community that their marriage is a blessed event where they have committed themselves to live out their love, together, forever.
The Church (people) act as witnesses and give support to the marriage.

25. A Covenant of Faith
Covenant is a deeply serious, personal, solemn promise made between persons. To covenant means to commit oneself radically and solemnly.
The Church has always viewed marriage as a covenantal relationship that mirrors God's covenant with God's people
"... in good times and in bad, in sickness and in health" echoes the kind of love that God pledged to God's people.
Jesus gave his life; his being, for the Church. Therefore, husbands and wives are called to give their energies, talents, affection, faith, hope and love; their lives for each other.

26. A Covenant of Faith
According to Vatican II the definition of faith “is that by which a person freely and totally commits him/herself to God. This sounds like the definition of Christian marriage - just substitute “God” for “one’s spouse.
A covenant is more encompassing, with God as witness and participant. One can break a contract but not a covenant. Covenants are more a matter of the heart, in its fullest sense, not a matter for the courts.

27. Holy Orders

28. Scripture & Holy Orders
"Like Melchizedek you are a priest forever" (Psalm 110: 4).

29. Scripture and Holy Orders
Hebrews 5 contributes to a doctrine of priesthood. It connects Christ’s priesthood with his human nature.
“Every high priest is taken from among men and made their representative before God, to offer gifts and sacrifices” (Hebrews 5:1).
Melchizedek (Hebrews 7) is the most important connection to Holy Orders in the bible. Christ’s priesthood is compared to Melchizedek
“It is even more obvious if another priest is raised up after the likeness of Melchizedek” (Hebrews 7: 15).

30. What is Holy Orders?
Holy Orders is the sacrament through which the mission entrusted by Christ to his apostles continues to be exercised in the Church until the end of time: thus it is the sacrament of apostolic ministry. It includes three degrees: episcopate, presbyterate, and diaconate (CCC 1536).

31. Didache (Did a Kay) 150-160 Holy Orders
The Didache: prophets and apostles have privileged positions in the community.
Apostles should obey the gospel.
Every apostle should be revered as the Lord
True prophets are judged by moral conduct.
When prophets get old, people support them

32. Grace and Holy Orders
The grace of the Holy Spirit proper to this sacrament is configuration to Christ as Priest, Teacher, and Pastor, of whom the ordained is made a minister (CCC 1585).

33. Bishop (Episcopal) and Grace (CCC 1586)
For the bishop, this is first of all a grace of strength. The grace to guide and defend his Church with strength and prudence as a father and pastor, with love for all and a preferential love for the poor, the sick, and the needy. This grace impels him to proclaim the Gospel to all, to be the model for his flock, to go before it on the way of sanctification by identifying himself in the Eucharist with Christ the priest and victim, not fearing to give his life for his sheep:

34. Priest (Presbyteral) and Grace (CCC 1587)
The spiritual gift conferred by presbyteral ordination is expressed by this prayer of the Byzantine Rite. The bishop, while laying on his hand, says among other things:

35. Deaconate (Diakonia) and Grace (CCC 1588)
With regard to deacons, strengthened by sacramental grace they are dedicated to the People of God, in conjunction with the bishop and his body of priests, in the service (diakonia) of the liturgy, of the Gospel, and of works of charity (Lumen Gentium 29).

36. Common Priesthood
The common priesthood of the faithful is exercised by the unfolding of baptismal grace…a life of faith, hope, and charity, a life according to the Spirit.

37. Ministerial Priesthood
The ministerial priesthood is at the service of the common priesthood.
It is directed at the unfolding of the baptismal grace of all Christians.
The ministerial priesthood is a means by which Christ unceasingly builds up and leads his Church. As a result we have the sacrament of Holy Orders.

38. Synod of Elvira 305-306 (Early Canon 33)
This contains the most ancient command of celibacy. There is also a mistake in the wording. The mistake says, “It is forbidden that the clergy should abstain from their wives.” Talks about bishops, priest, and deacons who are married and the fact they cannot have sex.

39. Synod of Ancyra 314 (Early Canon 10)
If deacons declare at the time of ordination that they must marry and cannot lead a celibate life, it is OK. If they do not make this declaration and have agreed to holy orders, then they must remain celibate.

40. Synod Of Neocaesarea
If a priest marries, he will be removed from the ranks of clergy. If he commits fornication or adultery, he shall be excommunicated.
No one is ordained priest before he is thirty years old, Jesus was 30.

41. Council of Nicaea 325 (Early Canon 3, 9, 10)
Bishop or priests are forbidden to have in their house a women living their, except ones mother or immediate family.
Ordination of priests is invalid if the person did not confess crimes before being ordained and if he committed certain serious crimes then his priesthood is invalid. For example crimes such as blasphemy, bigamy, heresy, idolatry, magic, etc.

42. Sacred Functions of Priest Priest, Prophet, and King
Priesthood is Christ as Prophet (the word of God) (Teaching)
Priesthood is Christ as Priest (purification of sin) (Sanctifying)
Priesthood is Christ as King (leadership) (Governing)

43. Saint Thomas Aquinas Back in Time
Philosopher, theologian, doctor of the Church, patron of Catholic universities, colleges, and schools.
Born at Rocca Secca in the Kingdom of Naples, or 1227; died at Fossa Nuova, 7 March, 1274.
Much of this thought has evolved into what Holy Orders is today.

44. Aquinas: Question 34 The Sacrament of Orders
Matter: the sacrament is bestowed by the imposing of the bishop’s hands.
Form: a prescribed prayer, which constitutes it as a sacrament.

45. Aquinas: Question 36 Qualities of the Ordained
The recipient of orders must lead others and be a holy man of exemplary life.
The candidate should have knowledge of sacred duties, i.e., scriptures, morality, etc.
A bishop who knowingly ordains a candidate who is unworthy commits a grave sin
A man who exercises his office while in a state of mortal sin is guilty of another grievous sin every time he performs a sacred function.

46. Aquinas: Distinction of Orders
The distinction of orders is derived basically from their varying reference to the Holy Eucharist. There are seven distinctions:
There is Priest, who offers the Eucharistic Sacrifice, deacon (assists priest), sub-deacon (attends to the sacred vessels used for eucharist), acolyte (who readies bread and wine), the exorcist (expels evil spirits), the lector (imparts sacred instruction), the porter (welcomes and protects).

47. Holy Orders Code of Canon Law 1983
By divine institution, the sacrament of orders establishes some among the Christian faithful as sacred ministers through an indelible character which marks them. They are consecrated and designated to nourish the people of God, fulfilling in the person of Christ the Head the functions of teaching, sanctifying, and governing (Canon 1008).

48. Ordination Celebration & Minister
Celebrated Sunday or holy day (C. 1010).
Celebrated in the cathedral; for pastoral reasons it can be celebrated in another church or oratory.
The faithful must be invited so that as large an assembly as possible is present.
The minister is a bishop (Canon 1012).

49. Requirements For Ordination Priesthood - Canons 1026-1032
Cannot be forced and have integral faith
Must be rightly motivated
Must have required knowledge
Must possess a good reputation
Must have integral morals, proven virtues
Must have physical and psychic qualities
Must have take part in pastoral care
Must be active six months as transitional deacon
Must have philosophy and theology degree.
Priesthood: 25 year old Male

50. Requirements for Ordination Permanent Deacons
Unmarried Permanent Deacon: 25 years old
Married Permanent Deacon: 35 years old
Permanent deacon: Complete formation process

51. Prerequisites for Permanent or Transitional Deaconate
Sacrament of Confirmation
Enrolled in writing by own hand
Must be a Lector and Acolyte
Signed agreement: I freely want it.
Signed agreement: I am devoted
Public declaration of celibacy
Spiritual five day retreat

52. Impediments: Can never receive (Canons 1040-1049)
Amentia, psychic illness, mental illness
Has committed apostasy, heresy, or schism
Has attempted marriage illegally
Has committed voluntary homicide
Has procured or cooperated in an abortion
Has gravely mutilated himself or another
Has attempted suicide
Is prohibited by some penalty of canon law

53. Impediments: Temporarily Impeded
A man who has a wife: unless Permanent Deacon
a person having an office forbidden to clerics, i.e. political office.
A neophyte (a recent convert)
Christian faithful aware of impediments to sacred orders are obliged to reveal them to the bishop before ordination.

54. Women Ordination Why Not?
During the Sacraments, the priest acts in the Person of Christ. Christ was a Man.
Infallibility: Traditionally all popes have been Men. The Pope couldn’t change this even if he wanted to.