1. Understanding common biological tools and techniques
Biologist’s Toolkit
Understanding common biological tools and techniques

2. Forensic scientists collected DNA evidence from the scene of a murder and three potential suspects. Based on the DNA fingerprint, which suspect committed the murder?
What is the tool called that is used to produce DNA fingerprints?

3. AATCCGGAATTCCTACTTGAATTCGATA TTAGGCCTTAAGGATGAACTTAAGCTAT
The restriction enzyme EcoRI cuts DNA at the recognition sequence GAATTC. How many fragments of DNA will be produced when EcoRI cuts the above sequence?
AATTCGATA
GCTAT
AATTCCTACTTG
GGATGAAGTTAA
AATCCGG
TTAGGCCTTAA

4. Stan’s father has been losing his mental abilities and was recently diagnosed with a genetic disease. He also gets tested and finds that he has the disease. His genetic counselor draws the pedigree below to explain the inheritance of the disease.
The disease Stan and his father have been diagnosed with follows what type of inheritance?
The disease is most likely…
Huntington’s Disease C. Phenylketonuria
Sickle Cell Anemia D. Cystic Fibrosis

5. Which of these describes a transgenic organism?
An extra-large strawberry bred to have an extra set of chromosomes.
A bacterium that has been given DNA for producing the human hormone insulin.
A boy with Fragile X syndrome who received a healthy copy of the human FMR1 gene.
DNA from one organism
Vector
Another organism

6. Which of these DNA strands will travel the farthest during gel electrophoresis?
ATTCGACTCAGGCTG
TAAGCTGAGTCCGAC
AATTCGCGGCAGCTAGCGACGCATTAGCGATACGACGCATT
TTAAGCGCCGTCGATCGCTGCGTAATCGCTATGCTGCGTAA
TTACTCGGTCTAACATGATGCAGTCAG
AATGAGCCAGATTGTACTACGTCAGTC
AATCCGGTAC
TTAGGCCATG

7. This genetic disease, which results in a change in red blood cell shape, can result in resistance to malaria if only one allele of the gene is inherited.
What type of inheritance is demonstrated by Sickle Cell Anemia. Remember that one normal (A) allele and one sickle-trait (S) allele result in a person having blood cells of both types.

8. DISCUSS:
In 2003, the Human Genome Project concluded and the complete sequence of genes in human DNA was made available to the public. What might be some benefits society is or will experience as a result of the Human Genome Project?

9. Use the chart for a list of disease descriptions.
Identify the genetic disorder associated with each of the following karyotypes.
Use the chart for a list of disease descriptions.
Diagnosis
Chromosomal Abnormality
Turner Syndrome
Monosomy 23
Klinefelter's Syndrome
Trisomy 23
Down's Syndrome
Trisomy 21
Edward’s Syndrome
Trisomy 18

10. Use the chart for a list of disease descriptions.
Identify the genetic disorder associated with each of the following karyotypes.
Use the chart for a list of disease descriptions.
Diagnosis
Chromosomal Abnormality
Turner Syndrome
Monosomy 23
Klinefelter's Syndrome
Trisomy 23
Down's Syndrome
Trisomy 21
Edward’s Syndrome
Trisomy 18

11. Use the chart for a list of disease descriptions.
Identify the genetic disorder associated with each of the following karyotypes.
Use the chart for a list of disease descriptions.
Diagnosis
Chromosomal Abnormality
Turner Syndrome
Monosomy 23
Klinefelter's Syndrome
Trisomy 23
Down's Syndrome
Trisomy 21
Edward’s Syndrome
Trisomy 18

12. Transgenic modification
A doctor takes cells from a fetus (developing baby) while it is still inside the womb. The doctor uses a long hollow needle to extract the cells, which are then tested to see if the baby will have a genetic disease. The doctors are performing which treatment?
Gene therapy
DNA fingerprinting
Amniocentesis
Transgenic modification

13. Unlike many genetic disorders, this disease is easily treated by following a strict diet. People with the disorder should avoid eating foods that are high in the amino acid phenylalanine, such as milk, eggs and artificial sweeteners.
A. Cystic Fibrosis
C. Tay-Sachs Disease
B. Phenylketonuria
D. Hemophilia

14. A.
What enzyme was used to cut the plasmid in picture A at the recognition site? B.
What type of DNA is being produced in part B? C.
If the DNA shown in part C were put into an organism, what kind of organism would be produced?