1. Applications of Ionic LiquiDS IN Rare EarthS
Mr. Hao Cui and Dr. Corby Anderson
Kroll Institute for Extractive Metallurgy, The George S. Ansell Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden CO
Motivation
Rare earth metals play a vital role in cutting-edge technologies. Due to their similar chemical and physical qualities, more attention has been paid on how to efficiently and selectively extract them. Ionic liquids, which are molten salts at room temperatures, have emerged since they have unique qualities . This review will summarize recent applications of ionic liquids in extraction and separation of rare earth.
Type
Ionic liquids
Ligands/ solvents
Extracted species
Ref.
Ammonium
[A336][NO3]
Cyanex925
Sc+3
Xiao S. et al.(2011)
[A336][CA-12]
[A336][CA-100]
Sc+3, Y+3, Eu+3, Ce+3
Hualing Y. et al. (2011)
[A336][P204]
[A336][P507]
Y+3, Eu+3, Gd+3, Ce+3, Tb+3
Phosphonium
[Cnmim][PF6]
Cyphos IL 104
Y+3, Dy+3, Yb+3,
Ho+3
Yinghui L. et al. (2009)
Cyphos IL 101
Sm+3, Nd+3
Tom V. H. et al. (2013)
Objective
List the representative examples of extraction of rare earth by ionic liquids
Summarize the advantages and drawbacks of ionic liquids
Ionic Liquid Extraction System
Generally, there are three kinds of ionic liquids: imidazolium ILs, ammonium ILs and phosphonium ILs. Ligands are applied in order to form complexes with metal such as TBP, CMPO, DEHPA, etc. Some ionic liquids are immobilized in the resin to avoid the ion loss and increase the efficiency. The two main extraction mechanisms are cationic exchange and anionic exchange.
Advantages and disadvantages
Type
Ionic liquids
Ligands/
solvent
Extracted species
Ref.
Imidazolium
[bmim][Tf2N]
Htta, 18C6/DC18C6
La+3
H. Okamura et al. (2010)
[Cnmim][PF6]
(n=2, 4)
DEHPA
Ce+3, Nd+3, Dy+3, Yb+3
Song J. Y. et al.(2010)
bmimNTf2
CMPO-TBP
Eu+3
Alok Rout et al. (2010)
[C4mim][Tf2N]
DODGAA
Y+3, Eu+3
Fan Y. et al. (2013)
Bmim[Tf2N]
TTA/HFA, CO2
lanthanides
Soufiane M et al.(2006)
[Bmim][PF6]
P507
Sc+3
Zhongwei P. et al. (2011)
Ph2Et2, TPMDPO
Ln+3
A. N. Turanov et al. (2008)
Lariat crown ether
omimNTf2
D2EHPA, HDEHDGA
Alok Rout et al. (2011)
[Cnmim][Tf2N]
(n=2, 4, 6)
TODGA
K. Shimojo et al. (2008)
Benzoyl acetone
Advantage
Disadvantage
High selectivity
Difficulty in stripping from loaded organic phase containing IL
High efficiency
Nonflammability
Ion loss
Low vapor pressure
High cost
Low toxicity
High viscosity
Difficulty of recovery
Conclusion
Ionic liquids are a promising technology that can be applied in extraction and separation of rare earth. The extractability and selectivity for the rare earth metals are generally better than those in conventional organic solvents.
Reference
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