1. Quiz #3: Mitosis, the Cell Cycle and Cancer
PLANT TISSUES

2. Question #1
Which part of the cell cycle takes the longest amount of time? [INTERPHASE OR PMAT?]Explain why you think this stage takes the most time.
(2 marks)
Interphase because the cell must undergo growth and DNA replication (3 marks)

3. Question #2
Identify which stage of mitosis each of the following cells are in AND provide a brief description of what occurs during each stage: (8 marks)
A                                                             
B                                                             
C                                                             
D                                                             
8 marks
A - Anaphase
B - Prophase
C - Telophase
D - Metaphase

4. Question #3
Describe two differences between healthy cells and cancer cells. (2 marks)
Cancer cells divide rapidly and uncontrollably, do not adhere to other tissues and/or can invade other tissues (2 marks)

5. Question #4 Define the term apoptosis. (1 mark) 3 marks
Benign = no cancer
Malignant = cancerous
Apoptosis = cell death

6. Question #5
Identify two methods of screening for cancer and two common treatments for cancer. (4 marks)
Self-exams, blood work, physical from doctor, pap smear AND surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy (4 marks)

7. Structure and Function
Plants
Structure and Function

8. Cell Specialization
Process by which cells develop from similar cells into cells that have specific functions within an organism.
Cell differentiation is the stage of development of a living organism during which specialized cells form.
Tissues are a cluster of similar cells that share the same specialized structure and function.
Organs are a combination of several types of tissue working together to perform a specific function.
Meristematic cells are unspecialized plant cells that give rise to specific specialized cells.

9. Plant Tissues Three basic types of tissues: Dermal tissue
Ground tissue
Vascular tissue

10. Plant Tissues (cont’d)
Dermal tissue:
Outermost covering of the plant’s organs that forms a barrier between the plant and its external environment
Protects the delicate internal tissues of the plant and controls the exchange of water and gases between the plant and the external environment
Examples: upper and lower epidermis

11. Plant Tissues (cont’d)
Ground tissue:
Responsible for many functions, including photosynthesis and support
Example: leaves, roots
Vascular tissue:
Transports water, nutrients and sugars throughout the plant as well as providing support
Examples: xylem and phloem

12. Meristems
Unlike most animals, plants are able to continue growing throughout their entire lifespan
This is because the meristem is always active, causing the plant to grow upwards and downwards and outwards
Meristem tissue is not specialized; it can differentiate into any type of plant cell

14. Plant Organs The stem: The leaves:
Responsible for physical support and transportation of water, nutrients and sugars
Holds the leaves up to the light
The leaves:
Responsible for photosynthesis
*We will now label the parts of the leaf …

15. Plant Organs (cont’d) Dead
Xylem Cells
Phloem Cells
Dead
Transport water and minerals from roots to other parts of plant
Found in the vascular bundle (or vein)
Living
Transport sugars from leaves to other parts of plant
Found in the vascular bundle (or vein)
The death of xylem cells is important because it is much faster to conduct water through cells without a cytoplasm

16. Plant Organs (cont’d) The roots:
Responsible for anchoring the plant in the soil and uptake of water and minerals from the soil
Some roots also act as a storage region for the plant
Types of roots:
Tap roots
Fibrous roots

17. Plant Organs (cont’d) Types of roots:
Tap roots (example – dandelions, carrots):
One main root that grows larger and thicker than the rest so the plant can get water from deep in the ground
Also firmly anchors plant
Fibrous roots (example – grass):
Shallow, branching roots that spread out horizontally near the surface of the soil to provide a large surface area for water absorption
Also stabilize the soil to help prevent erosion and landslides

18. Plant Organs (cont’d) The flower: Responsible for reproduction
Anatomy:
Petals
Stamen – anther and filament (male reproductive organ)
Pistil – stigma, style, ovary (female reproductive organ)
* We will now label the parts of the flower …

19. Human Uses of Plants
Food - vitamins and minerals, and cellulose for fibre in the diet
Medicine
Aloe vera, flax seed [laxative], lemon, evening primrose, camomile, seeds (Vitamin E)
Paints
Natural pigments found in most plants can be used
Decorations
Land stabilization
Grasses, fast-growing trees (birch)

20. Homework
READ chapter 3
Questions page 76 #4, 5, 6, 7