1. PATHWAYS 2 LISTENING AND SPEAKING Unit 2
National Geographic, Heinle CENGAGE Learning
Elizabeth Celeste Coiman-Lopez, BAT, MS
Houston Community College, School of Continuing Education

2. Unit 2 - p.28 LANGUAGE FUNCTION – Giving Examples
RULES
An example is something that represents a group of things.
Petroleum is an example of a fossil fuel.
2. Examples give specific information that can help support statements and make ideas clearer and easier to understand.
Many countries are trying to conserve energy. For example, people in Japan are buying smaller cars.
3. Expressions speakers use when giving examples are:
For instance,….. For example,….. such as…..
Unit p LANGUAGE FUNCTION – Giving Examples

3. Unit 2 - p.29 GRAMMAR – The Simple Present / Present Continuous
Use it to talk about facts or situations that are generally true:
The Nelsons live in Las Vegas
Burning fossil fuel such as coal puts carbon into the atmosphere.
Use it to talk about habits and routines.
They drive to work every day.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS :
Use it to talk about actions in progress but that may not be happening right now.
Jennifer is saving money to buy a car.
Use it to talk about actions that are happening right now at the time of speaking.
Jim is working.
Unit p GRAMMAR – The Simple Present / Present Continuous

4. RULES:
Use SHOULD / SHOULDN’T to ask or give advice, something generally accepted as the right thing to do, or in questions.
You should keep an energy journal (advice)
Everyone should try to save on energy. (right thing to do)
You shouldn’t leave your computer on all night. (negative)
Should I replace my light bulbs? (question)
Use the OUGHT TO / OUGHT NOT TO for giving advice. Ought
to is stronger than should.
You ought to get a new refrigerator.
Use HAD BETTER to give strong advice or a warning. Use it when a negative consequence may result.
I’d better pay my energy bill today, or they will cut off the power.
Unit p GRAMMAR – Modals of Advice: SHOULD / SHOULDN’T / OUGHT TO / HAD BETTER