1. Warm Up – 2/10/17
What was taking place in Europe that influenced Europeans to explore and seek out new lands?

2. Age of Exploration (1400s-1700s) What were the political, economic, and religious reasons for European exploration beginning in the 1400s?

3. Marco Polo 1271 – Traveled to China along the Silk Road
First to leave a detailed chronicle of his experience
The Travels of Marco Polo, c. 1300
Introduces Europeans to Central Asia and China…..inspires others to explore

6. Motives for Exploration
Search for new trade routes
wanted to find a quicker way to Asia
Desire for new products
Crusades and travels of Marco Polo stimulated an interest in Asian goods
Technology improved
Cartography – map making
Magnetic compass, Astrolobe – calculates latitude
Caravel – ships can sail into wind, lightweight
Religion
Christian rulers wanted to spread religion

7. Effects of Exploration
Native American civilizations destroyed
European diseases killed millions of Native Americans
European powers built extensive overseas empires
Large numbers of Europeans moved to Americas
Native American crops (corn, potato, tomato) brought to Europe [Colombian Exchange]
Demand for African slaves increased
Capitalism expanded with growth of trade
Cultural exchanges occurred [cultural diffusion]

8. First to seek eastern route to Asia
Portugal
First to seek eastern route to Asia

9. Portugal Prince Henry the Navigator Leads European exploration
Heard tales of gold in Africa
1419 – set up school and naval observatory
Employs cartographers, scientists, shipbuilders, train crews (long voyages)

10. Portugal Bartholomeu Dias Rounded southern tip of Africa – 1488
Cape of Good Hope
Opened sea route to Asia

11. Portugal Vasco da Gama First European to reach India by sea
Establishes Portuguese settlements
Goa and Calicut

12. Portugal
Pedro Cabral
Discovered Brazil

13. Focus on exploration in the last decade of the 15th century
Spain
Focus on exploration in the last decade of the 15th century

14. Spain Christopher Columbus Italian navigator
Sails for Spain* (Ferdinand & Isabella)
Believed reach Asia (East Indies) by going west
Underestimates the size of the earth
3 voyages between

15. Columbian Exchange Results
Widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, people, diseases, technology, and ideas between the New and Old world
Results
Colonization of North America
Increases the population in Europe – better diet
Wipesout civilizations – Incas, Aztecs
Native American population decreases
Disease and labor
Leads to slave trade in Africa and the Americas

17. Spain
Ferdinand Magellan
First voyage around the world

18. Conquistadors: Spanish Explorers
Goal: to pioneer the “New World” for Spain

19. The Three G’s of Exploration
God, Gold, Glory

20. Hernando Cortes Conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico in 1519
Introduced new language & religion
Spanish and Christianity

21. Francisco Pizarro
Conquered the Inca Empire in Peru in 1533

22. Juan Ponce de Leon
Led the first European expedition to Florida

23. Line of Demarcation Divides non-European world into two sections
Spain – land to the west
Portugal – land to the east

24. Treaty of Tordesillas - 1494
Finalized the Line of Demarcation

25. The Legacy of the Age of Exploration

26. Imperialism
Domination by one country over the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region

27. Causes Economic Social Political
Need for raw materials created by Industrial Revolution
Desire for place to invest excess capital
Drive to spread Christianity [White Man’s Burden]
Rule by strongest and fittest- need to spread superior culture [Social Darwinism]
Desire for great power status
Competitive drive to gain control of an area (for military) before a rival could do so

28. Positive Effects Built roads, railroads, and bridges
Education improved
Improved medical care
Food supply increased
Brought stability and unification to some areas
Created industries, improved standard of living

29. Negative Effects People with common backgrounds separated
Natural resources exploited
Native cultures damaged
Promoted racism
Economic self-sufficiency lost
Destroyed traditional patterns of trade
Cash crop overemphasized
Family life disrupted
Introduced Western vices and diseases