1. SIW Theme: The DENTURES Done:Sagimuratov Y. 123-groupe,GMF
Government Semey State Medical University Chair of Russian and Foreign Languages
SIW
Theme: The DENTURES
Done:Sagimuratov Y.
123-groupe,GMF
Checked by:Kakimova Z.A.
Semey, 2016y

2. Plan :
Introduction
Main part
Conclusion

3. DENTURES
DENTURES (comes from the Greek word prosthesis — app addition) — a special device which is used for cosmetic and functional compensation of the missing part of the body. Distinguished prosthetic upper and lower limbs, artificial eyes and dental prostheses ear, nose (the latter are purely for cosmetic purposes).

4. Dentures are made on prosthetic and orthotic factories or in workshops
Dentures are made on prosthetic and orthotic factories or in workshops. For complex prosthetics, and training in the use of prostheses in a number of factories have hospitals. Dentures can be made of leather with metal tires, wood, metal; in the manufacture of prostheses currently more widespread plastics.

5. When you build a lower- limb prosthesis are considered General laws of the physiology of standing and walking, as well as the individual characteristics of the amputee. In order to provide shock absorption can occur when walking tremors and smoothness of gait in the prosthetic foot used microporous rubber.

6. After the amputation of an arm or leg prosthetic is made specifically to the use of the prosthesis. By the time of prosthetics the part of the limb which remains after amputation should have healed the wound to be movable in joints and pain-free. The skin on amputation stump must be healthy and without wrinkles scars - movable, not soldered to the bone. The prosthesis by its shape, size and appearance, should be light, durable, fit, healthy body parts, convenient to use and hygienic. To provide the functionality of missing limbs, it must allow for mobility in areas corresponding to joints of healthy limbs, to provide natural and confident movement while sitting, while standing and working, not to cause pain, to be well fitted to a residual limb, not to cause abrasions of the stump.

7. The hip prostheses are made, usually of wood or metal
The hip prostheses are made, usually of wood or metal. These dentures are attached to the body with a metal or leather Vetluga, shoulder cord, cloth bandage and other things. removable leather case and special mount provide an opportunity to the disabled prosthesis with a short stump of the thigh.

8. Currently, after he had his left leg in the hip joint are made of a very comfortable denture, ensuring a smooth gait and comfort of the seat. with a sharp shortening of the lower extremity is assigned a specific type of prostheses, as in these cases, orthopedic shoes do not meet the requirements of functionality and aesthetics.

9. Bridge denture
Bridge denture is a prosthesis having two or more support points on the teeth located on both sides of the edentulous space Each bridge prosthesis distinguish the support elements and the intermediate part, or body of the prosthesis. The basic elements of bridge- like prosthesis with which it is fastened by a natural cubes can serve stamped crowns, half crowns, inlays, pin teeth. The intermediate part is a block of artificial teeth, which may be standard or manufactured according to the previously created wax model with the benefits, since the simulation takes into account the individual characteristics of the defect. Depending on the location of the denture in the oral cavity, the intermediate part can be metallic or, or combined with plastic (facet).

10. Prosthetics are artificial body parts used to replace body parts lost due to illness, injury or congenital defect. Prosthetics are available for a wide range of body parts, from artificial legs to glass eyes. The functionality of the denture also varies. In some cases, the prosthesis can be purely aesthetic, while in other examples, it can help to restore functionality, as in the case of prosthetic limbs, fitted with biosensors that allows the media to control the limb.

11. The use of prostheses
The prosthetics had been applied since ancient times. In Egyptian tombs discovered evidence of the use of prosthetic body parts for people with disabilities, such as a wooden toe, which allowed someone to balance correctly after the loss of the big toe. As is well known to fans of movies about pirates, the sailors replaced the lost wooden legs, artificial legs and hands lost – with hooks that could be used to hold various items. In addition to sailors, the prostheses were also lumberjacks and millers, given the dangerous conditions of their work.

12. Conclusion
Thanks to technology and the success of surgery has made possible the substitution of lost parts. Used for these purposes, mechanical devices called prostheses. External prostheses that replace body parts (prosthetic upper and lower limbs), have been applied for centuries and are constantly being improved. In contrast, the prostheses of the internal organs of the body - implants, or implants, are introduced in orthopaedic practice relatively recently, because until recently there were no materials with the desired properties, and the level of development of surgery was not high enough.

13. Thank you for your attention!