1. Exam Architectural Structures ARCH241 Friday November 18, 12. 30-14
Exam Architectural Structures ARCH Friday November 18, There are seven questions, answer only five

2. Question 1 Tic tac toe

3. Question 2 The image below shows a construction site in Africa
Question 2 The image below shows a construction site in Africa. A house is being constructed using mud bricks and mud mortar. To be able to span wall openings and to cover the central space, two important, ancient, technological innovations are being exploited here. 1. Identify and explain both 2. Which other ancient innovation to span space is NOT being used here? 3. There are three kinds of basic joint types. Name and describe, sketch, the three types. * Which type is used in this case, over and over again?

4. Question-3 Three pedestrian bridges are shown 1
Question-3 Three pedestrian bridges are shown 1.Explain in three sketches, and using arrows, how the different geometries of each of the bridges result in different ways the combined forces of self weight and superimposed loads are guided to the foundations

5. Question 4 You are given a stack of books and a length of rope. 1
Question 4 You are given a stack of books and a length of rope. 1. In a sketch show how you would make a beam out of the books and rope. 2.What structural system are you applying, and how is it used in ‘real construction?

6. Question 5 1.What phenomenon is shown in the left top and bottom images 2. How was the problem it causes solved in the particular case, shown in the two images on the right?

7. Question 6 1. Why are earthquakes so destructive. 2
Question 6 1. Why are earthquakes so destructive? 2. Show earthquake forces acting on a structure in a sketch 3. Outline some structural measures that help to resist the destructiveness of earthquakes. 4.What other natural phenomenon, excepting gravity, determines the design of high rise buildings in particular?

8. Question 7 1. What phenomenon are we watching here. 2
Question 7 1. What phenomenon are we watching here? 2.What kind of construction is particularly prone to this? 3. Why? 4.How can this be prevented