1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Autotrophic Process: Plants and plant-like organisms make their energy (glucose) from sunlight.
Stored as carbohydrate in their bodies.
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight  C6H12O6 + 6O2

2. Catalyst: 1. Write the chemical equation of Photosynthesis in words. 2
Catalyst: 1. Write the chemical equation of Photosynthesis in words. 2. What physical signs can you see in plants that indicates the use of glucose?

3. Why is Photosynthesis important?
Makes organic molecules (glucose) out of inorganic materials (carbon dioxide and water).
It begins all food chains/webs. Thus all life is supported by this process.
It also makes oxygen gas!!

4. Photosynthesis-starts ecological food webs!

5. Photo-synthesis
means "putting together with light."
Plants use sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide into glucose. Glucose is a kind of sugar.
Plants use glucose as food for energy and as a building block for growing.
Autotrophs make glucose and heterotrophs are consumers of it.

6. Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
sunlight
absorbed by chlorophyll
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2

7. Plant Cells

8. The photograph below is an elodea leaf X 400
The photograph below is an elodea leaf X 400. Individual cells are clearly visible. The tiny green structures within the cells are chloroplasts this is where photosynthesis happens.                                    

9. Stomata This opening how plants exchange gases. Check it
Stomata This opening how plants exchange gases! Check it! Can you name the two important gases that go in and out of the leaves?
Why are the stomata located on the underside of leaves?

10. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Absorbing Light Energy to make chemical energy: glucose!
Pigments: Absorb different colors of white light (ROY G BIV)
Main pigment: Chlorophyll a
Accessory pigments: Chlorophyll b and Carotenoids
These pigments absorb all wavelengths (light) BUT green!

11. Catalyst: Write your answers in the catalyst paper from last week
Catalyst: Write your answers in the catalyst paper from last week. Identify the independent & dependent variable.
A scientist want to study the diversity of soil bacteria found during different months of the year.
Guinea pigs are kept at different temperatures for 6 weeks. Percent weight gain is recorded.
3.An investigator hypothesizes that the adult weight of a dog is higher when it has fewer littermates.

12. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Why do we see green?
Green color from white light reflected NOT absorbed
Chloroplast: organelle responsible for photosynthesis
Chlorophyll: located within Chloroplast
Green pigment

13. Chloroplast Pigments Chloroplasts contain several pigments
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
Carotenoids
Xanthophyll
Figure 7.7

14. Visible light is only a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum (all forms of light).

15. LIGHT behaves as if it were composed of "units" or "packets" of energy that travel in waves. These packets are photons.
The wavelength of light determines its color.

18. Oxygen and Sugar!

19. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2 Phases . Light-dependent reaction
Light-independent reaction .

20. AN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
The light reactions convert solar energy to chemical energy
Produce ATP & NADPH
Light
Chloroplast
NADP
ADP
+ P
The Calvin cycle makes sugar from carbon dioxide
ATP generated by the light reactions provides the energy for sugar synthesis
The NADPH produced by the light reactions provides the electrons for the reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose
Calvin
cycle
Light
reactions

21. Steps of Photosynthesis Step 1. Light Reaction
Light hits reaction centers of chlorophyll, found in chloroplasts
Chlorophyll vibrates and causes water to break apart( Photolysis)
Oxygen is released into air
Hydrogen remains in chloroplast attached to NADP to form NADPH

23. How the Light Reactions Generate ATP and NADPH
Primary
electron
acceptor
NADP
Energy
to make
Primary
electron
acceptor 3 2
Light
Electron transport chain
Light
Primary
electron
acceptor
Reaction-
center
chlorophyll 1
NADPH-producing
photosystem
Water-splitting
photosystem
2 H + 1/2

24. Two types of photosystems cooperate in the light reactions
Photon
ATP
mill
Photon
Water-splitting
photosystem
NADPH-producing
photosystem

25. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light-dependent reaction (LIGHT Reaction)
Energy lost along electron transport chain
Lost energy used to recharge ATP from ADP
NADPH produced from e- transport chain
Stores energy until transfer to stroma
Plays important role in light-independent reaction
Total byproducts: ATP, NADP, O2

26. PHOTOSYNTHESIS How did we get O2 as a byproduct?!
Photolysis: replaces lost electrons by splitting water

27. Catalyst:
Briefly explain how ATP and NADPH is formed at the end of the light rxn.

28. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light-independent reaction (Dark Reaction)/Calvin Cycle
Does not require light
Occurs in stroma of chloroplast
Requires CO2
Uses ATP and NADPH ( from Light reaction) as fuel to run
Makes glucose sugar from CO2 and Hydrogen

29. Catalyst
In what 4 ways is the light independent reaction different from the light reaction?
(Note: think about reactant/s, site of occurrence, products, source of energy)

32. Catalyst: Copy and fill in the answers
Phases of Photosynthesis
Reactants
Products
Site of reaction
( specific)
Light Reaction
Water
Calvin Cycle
ATP, NADPH, CO2

33. (and other organic molecules

34. Summary—Light Dependent Reactions
a. Overall input
light energy, H2O.
b. Overall output
ATP, NADPH, O2.

35. Summary—Light Independent Reactions
a. Overall input
CO2, ATP, NADPH.
b. Overall output
glucose.

37. PHOTOSYNTHESIS What affects photosynthesis?
Light intensity: as light increases, rate of photosynthesis increases

38. PHOTOSYNTHESIS What affects photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide: As CO2 increases, rate of photosynthesis increases

39. PHOTOSYNTHESIS What affects photosynthesis? Temperature:
Temperature Low = Rate of photosynthesis low
Temperature Increases = Rate of photosynthesis increases
If temperature too hot, rate drops

40. CHEMOSYNTHESIS
The process by which bacteria uses energy from inorganic substances are used to make sugars

41. Check it!
The process that uses the sun’s energy to make simple sugars is _____________.
Cellular respiration
Glycolysis
Photosynthesis
Photolysis

42. Check it!
The function accomplished by the light-dependent reactions is ______________.
Energy storage
Sugar production
Carbon fixation
Conversion of sugar

43. Catalyst:
1. What gases pass through the stomata? 2. What effect would a closed stomata have on photosynthesis?

44. Classwork: Read and annotate “Biological drawings”
Draw a PLAN DIAGRAM of the structures observed during the lab on the space provided. Make sure to :
a. all the organelles visible
b. stomata
c.Guard cell
d. Plant cell
3. Answer the analysis questions in complete sentences
4. Write a conclusion ( CER format)

45. Conclusion:
The distilled water. caused the egg to swell Data shows that the egg increased by 3.2 g after being soaked in distilled water. This is because the egg was sitting in a hypertonic solution( more solutes outside of the egg)The concentration gradient between the egg and its environment caused water molecules to diffuse into the egg through the membrane.

46. Conclusion
The syrup caused the egg to shrink. The data shows a significant decrease in the eggs mass by 6.2 grams after 3 days. This is because of the concentration gradient between the egg and the syrup ( the syrup has more solutes than the egg) causing the environment to be hypertonic. Since water is more concentrated inside the egg, it diffused outside causing the egg to shrink.