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Unit 2: Colonial America

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1 Unit 2: Colonial America

2 French Colonization Intermarried with natives
Extensive trade partnerships Coureurs de bois

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4 Dutch Colonization Mostly in NY Encouraged settlement- New Netherland
Extensive trade network

5 Later Spanish Colonies
Gradual slow decline in Spanish power world wide during 17th century Exploited Native/ African Slaves Intermarried with Natives/ African slaves Mestizo Colonized pacific coast California New Mexico Mission System

6 Juan Rodríguez Juárez, c. 1715

7 British Colonization (Background)
Defeat of Spanish Armada (1588) British empire begins Death of Queen Elizabeth I (1603) No heir James I from Scotland-Catholic ( ) Charles I ( ) Executed English Civil War Oliver Cromwell Charles II ( )

8 British Colonies General
encouraged immigration rarely intermarried with natives and/or Africans Headright system- more land for more people brought over Indentured servitude Bacon’s rebellion (1676) Switch to slavery Religious freedom Variety of protestant groups Catholics Not funded by state Each colony distinct values

9 Chesapeake Colonies (general)
Modern Maryland, Virginia Plantation system Tobacco Exhausted land- expansion Conflict with native- Bacon Indentured servants Switch to slaves after 1676 (Bacon again)

10 Chesapeake Colonies (Jamestown)
Funded by London Company –joint stock John Smith- led colony John Rolfe- introduced tobacco farming/ headright system House of Burgesses (1619) First elected legislative assembly Royal Colony (1624) Divided into 8 counties

11 Chesapeake Colonies (Maryland)
Founded by Lord Baltimore (1632) Refuge for Catholics Religious tolerance Resembled Virginia

12 New England Colonies (general)
Plymouth, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire Religious freedom from England Small farm Commerce based

13 New England (Plymouth)
Founded 1620 Pilgrims-Radical Protestants Mayflower compact Merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony

14 New England (Massachusetts Bay)
Puritans Led by John Winthrop Stable communities Grew into independent towns Congregationalists Male suffrage Civil courts Not tolerant Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson

15 Middle Colonies New York Pennsylvania Delaware New Jersey
Originally Dutch diverse Pennsylvania William Penn Quaker refuge tolerant Delaware New Jersey

16 Southern Colonies Carolinas (1663) Georgia 1732
Separated into North and South (1729) Democratic ideas Caribbean plantation owners Barbadian Slave Codes Indigo Rice Georgia 1732 Buffer between Carolinas and Spanish FL Former prisoners & slave-owning plantation

17 Mercantilism Economic Theory Navigation Act of 1651
Colonies supplied raw materials England manufactured goods bought by colonists and foreign countries Navigation Act of 1651 Had to use British ships Crew ½ English sailors Regulation Act of 1660 All colonial exports to England All colonial imports from England

18 Triangular Trade Rum from New England to West Africa
Slaves to sugar islands Molasses to New England distilleries to make rum Manufactured goods from England to Africa Goods exchanged for slaves taken to West Indies. Profits used to purchase sugar (and other goods) for England.

19 Middle Passage 10-16 million Africans forcibly transported across the Atlantic from For every 100 slaves that reached the New World, another 40 died in Africa or during the Middle Passage

20 The Enlightenment Also called Age of Reason John Locke Isaac Newton
Universe seen as an ordered reasonable place John Locke Isaac Newton Religion Explain how God worked through natural causes Deism Founding of Colleges

21 The Great Awakening Revivals Jonathan Edwards
Large religious gatherings that recruited to church Personal connection with God Jonathan Edwards George Whitfield- Field Preaching

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23 Great Awakening Traditional God responsible for salvation
Old Light New Light Traditional God responsible for salvation Congregationalists, Presbyterian, Puritans Accepting of New Doctrines Man responsible for salvation Baptists, Mdethodists

24 Origins of Slavery in New World
Need for workers on plantations Natives died of diseases Indentured servants Islands- Barbados Sugar plantations No one wanted to indenture there Virginia Tobacco Originally used indentured servants

25 Bacon’s Rebellion Freed indentured servants went west for land
Native raids tried to stop westward expansion Nathaniel Bacon Demanded Gov. William Berkeley form army against native Berkeley refused Bacon and farmers (ex-indentured servants) attacked natives Declared bacon an outlaw Berkley formed army against bacon Minor civil war Bacon loses Danger of free indentured servants Pivot to African slaves

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