1. DIGITAL DIVIDE ‘Natives’ & ‘Immigrants’
DIGITAL LITERACY
DIGITAL DIVIDE
‘Natives’ & ‘Immigrants’
ROSE MARIA JOYCE SANDRA

2. Digital Divide A gap, or a divide
individuals who have access to benefits and/or privileges
Individuals who do not have access to benefits and/or privileges
difference in the level of digital literacy

3. Types of Digital Divide
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIVIDE
GENDER DIVIDE
GENERATION DIVIDE
Types of Digital Divide
Source:

4. Socio-economic Divide
Privileged
“Multimedia machines”
INFORMATION AGE PREPARATION
Underprivileged
INADEQUTE/MINIMAL TECHNOLOGY
“UNBELONGINGNESS”
EDUCATIONAL GULF

5. Professional expertise-education link
Technical expertise
Computer industries, schools
Professional expertise-education link

6. Gender Divide Women Men Underrepresented
Anxiety
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Advantages conveyed disproportionally to men
Amusement

7. Social Stereotyping
Model of the gender divide

8. Generation Divide Digital Natives Digital Immigrants
Individuals born into the digital environment
Digital Immigrants
previous generation
not born in the digital world
later adapt some aspects of it

9. Established knowledge
Human brains stop physically changing after age of 3
Neuroplasticity

10. Difference between generations
Different intensity in same parts of brain
D.N.’s particular brain areas are larger and more developed
Simultaneous stimulation needed

11. Example: children playing
with toys while watching TV

12. Multitasking Capacity
Capacity always existed:
Mothers
Driving & radio/CD

13. Multitasking
Grafman: “you are ordering and deciding which one to do at any one time”
Sequential processing
Brodmann’s Area 10
Leave task
Return later

14. FPS Games and Multitasking Ability
First Person Shooter
life, supply, opponent’s position, etc.
Enhance peripheral vision
Improve multitasking ability

15. “Counter Strike”

16. View of Popular Press
Less time & communication with family
Less efficiency on each task
Distraction
Plato: “Reading would be the downfall of oral tradition and memory.”

17. Limitations
Lack of time (due to width of topic)
-Inadequate emphasis on the main question for research
Non-scholarly sources
Geographic limitations

18. Questions Global dispersion of digital divide
-Bridging the digital divide
How has the enhanced ability of multitasking affected learning?

19. Reference
Kearney, P.R. (2005). Cognitive Callisthenics: Do FPS computer games enhance the player's cognitive abilities?
Prensky, M (2001, Oct). Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants. On the Horizon, 9
The New York Times. (1996). A New Gulf in American Education, the Digital Divide. Retrieved September 14, 2007, from Infotrack College
Buffalo News. (2007). A need to bridge the 'digital divide': FOCUS: TECHNOLOGY. Retrieved September 14, 2007, from Infotrack College 
Livingstone, S., & Helpsper, E. (2007, August). Gradations in digital inclusion: children, young people and the digital divide. New Media & Society, 9(4), Retrieved October 15, 2007, from Academic Search Premier database.  
McHale, T. (2005, September). Portrait of a DIGITAL NATIVE. Technology & Learning, 26(2), Retrieved October 15, 2007, from Academic Search Premier database.
Cooper, J. (2006). The digital divide: the special case of gender. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 22