1. Creative Evolution of Flying Objects
Domenico Bellomo
Federico Divina
David Edwards
Sophie Kain
Robert Vanyi

2. Scientists get 1M Euros to throw paper airplanes
Prediction
Scientists get 1M Euros to throw paper airplanes

3. Aim
Evolve flying object
Bench Mark
What are we going to do?

4. Outline of the problem and problems!
How to represent?
How to fold?
How to experiment?
How to evaluate?
How to simplify?
How to understand Hungarian?
How to print?

5. Contents Representation Experimental set-up Fitness function
Evolutionary operators
Experimental results
Conclusion

6. Phenotype 6 lines maximum Each line described by 3 parameters
Rotation Angle
Displacement of line (%)
Fold angle (-180, -90, 90, 180)

7. Genotype 6 lines: 7 bits for line displacement
7 bits for rotation angle
2 bits for the 4 folding angles

8. Example
Folds
Thickness
Pattern
-180
-90
+90
+180

9. Folding Rules Fold in numerical order Only fold visible lines
Do not fold over 90 degree angle
Split lines – fold in order of decreasing length

10. Experimental Set-up

12. Fitness function f(x) = 1/(0.8*t + 0.2*d) f(x) = 1/(0.2*t + 0.8*d)
Distance
Time
1st run - time emphasis
f(x) = 1/(0.8*t + 0.2*d)
2nd run – distance emphasis
f(x) = 1/(0.2*t + 0.8*d)

13. Fitness measurement Throw and measure Average of 3 trials Distance
Time
Average of 3 trials

14. Automated Fitness using similarity measurez y x

15. Evolutionary operators
Mutation operator
2-point Crossover operator

16. Average Fitness- 1st run
Generation Number

17. Best Fitness – 1st run
Best Fitness
Generation Number

18. 1st Run Results Time emphasis
Good diversity of shapes (three strategies)
Flutterers
Dart
Flutterdart
Fitness weighted towards time
Flutters win
Darts lost

19. Average Fitness – 2nd run
Generation Number

20. Best Fitness – 2nd run
Best Fitness
Generation Number

21. 2nd Run Results Distance emphasis
Good diversity of shapes
Average fitness improved
Best fitness improved
Good distance
Best plane

22. Future work Larger trial size Elitist Selection
Population size
Generations
Number of throws
Elitist Selection
Mechanical throwing device
Automatic fitness calibration

23. Conclusions Creative power of evolution
Jennifer took 2 pieces of paper…
Any volunteers?