1. The Great Depression

2. Causes of the Great Depression
Consumerism
Spent more than saved
Overproduction and underconsumption led to falling prices

3. More Causes Buying stock on speculation/high risks investments
Buying stock on margin/borrow $$
Republican laissez faire policies of the 1920s
Stock market prices reached new highs

4. Stock Market Crash Herbert Hoover elected president in 1928
Opposed too much government interference in business
October 29, 1929: Black Tuesday

7. The Great Depression
People withdrew $ from banks, led them to close
Stopped investing in stock market
Led to unemployment
“Hoovervilles”/ makeshift villages

10. Hoovervilles

12. Soup Lines

16. High numbers of homeless people

18. Families, especially children, were effected.

19. The Dust Bowl Farmers did not prosper in 1920s Droughts
Stripping soil of its natural protection/soil erosion by poor farming practices
Dust storms
“black blizzards”

26. Results of the Dust Bowl
“Okies”
Movement and migrated west to California
The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck

27. Bank Closures

28. Dorthea Lang’s Migrant Mother
Hobos

30. Presidential Election of 1932
Herbert Hoover (R) v Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)
Happy Days are Here Again

31. FDR New Deal: relief, recovery and reform programs Hundred days
Fireside chats
21st amendment

32. New Deal programs

33. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Insured accounts against bank failures

34. Civil Works Administration
CWA
Civil Works Administration
“Make-work” projects like raking leaves

35. Civilian Conservation Corps
CCC
Civilian Conservation Corps
Work program for men 18-25
$30 per month; planted trees, worked in national parks and forests

36. Securities and Exchange Commission
Regulated companies that sold stocks and bonds (stock Market).

37. National Industrial Recovery Act
NIRA
National Industrial Recovery Act
Plan to stimulated industry and business activity and reduce unemployment.

38. Agriculture Adjustment Administration
AAA
Agriculture Adjustment Administration
Paid farmers to reduce production

39. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Controlled flooding (environmental)
Created electricity
Created jobs
Helped fight malaria
Improved standard of living including literacy

43. Huey Long Senator and Governor of Louisiana Criticized FDR
Share Our Wealth Clubs
Redistribution of wealth
Later assassinated in New Orleans

44. Court packing scheme
Supreme Court was a source of resistance for FDR’s programs
Proposed enlarging # of justices on SC from 9 to 15, constitution did not specify a #
President appoints justices, hoped to appoint justices that supported programs

46. 2nd New Deal
1934
New programs that focused more on social welfare benefits

47. WPA
Works Progress Administration
Designed to help Americans find work

48. NYA National Youth Administration
AKA – Jr. WPA
Helped high school and college age with part time jobs
Headed by Mary McLeod Bethume, member of National Black Cabinet

49. SSA
Social Security Administration
Retirement & disability benefits

50. REA Rural Electric Administration
Provided electricity to isolated rural areas.

51. Wagner Act National Labor Relations Act
Could not be fired for joining a union.
National Labor Relations Act
Law passed in 1935 to protect the right of workers, monitored unfair business practices
Organize unions
Use collective bargaining

52. Eleanor Roosevelt Social activist Traveled for her husband
Supported reforms for all men and women
Discrimination remained for minorities during the Great Depression

53. International Concerns
Led to worldwide depression
FDR supported high tariffs to push for the buy of American goods
Foreign nations also passed tariffs
Increasing tensions in Europe and rise of totalitarian regimes.

54. Neutrality Acts Germany, Italy and Japan were rising in power
Passed in 1935, US prohibited the sale of weapons to nations at war