1. Organic Compounds: Proteins
(Macromolecules)
Proteins
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Organic Compounds: Proteins

2. complex polymers of amino acids that build & repair cells
PROTEINS
complex polymers of amino acids that build & repair cells
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Organic Compounds: Proteins

3. Organic Compounds: Proteins
Protein – complex polymer of amino acids that builds & repairs cells
Amino acid – substance that has an amino group (-NH2) on 1 end & carboxyl group (-COOH) on other; makes up building blocks for proteins
All amino acids have similar chemical structure but differ in the region of molecules known as the R Group
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Organic Compounds: Proteins

4. Organic Compounds: Proteins
amino acids (20 different kinds) bonded
together by peptide bonds (polypeptides)
amino acids: “building blocks of life”
8 of 20 are essential In Human Diet
peptide bond – covalent bond that joins 2 amino acids
Join though
dehydration
synthesis
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Organic Compounds: Proteins

5. Organic Compounds: Proteins
Function/roles of proteins:
Help carry out chemical reactions
pump small molecules in & out of cells
Responsible for ability of cell to move
Build & repair cells
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Organic Compounds: Proteins

6. Organic Compounds: Proteins
Six functions of proteins:
Storage: albumin (egg white)
Transport: hemoglobin
Regulatory: hormones
Movement: muscles
Structure: membranes, hair, nails
Enzymes: cellular reactions
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Organic Compounds: Proteins

7. Organic Compounds: Proteins
Four levels of protein structure:
Primary Structure (A.)
Secondary Structure (B.)
Tertiary Structure (C.)
Quaternary Structure
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Organic Compounds: Proteins

8. Amino Acid: Basic Structure
NH3 = Amino Side
COO- = Acid Side
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Organic Compounds: Proteins

9. Amino Acid: Basic StructureH
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Organic Compounds: Proteins

10. Proteins: Primary Structure
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Organic Compounds: Proteins

11. Proteins: Secondary Structure
3-Dimensional folding arrangement of a primary structure into coils & pleats held together by hydrogen bonds.
Two examples:
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Organic Compounds: Proteins

12. Proteins: Tertiary Structure
Secondary structures bent & folded into more complex 3-D arrangement of joined polypeptides
Bonds:
H-Bonds
Ionic
Disulfide Bridges (S-S)
Call a
Subunit
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Organic Compounds: Proteins

13. Proteins: Quaternary Structure
Composed of 2 or more subunits.
Globular in shape
Form in aqueous environments
Example: Enzymes (Hemoglobin)
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Organic Compounds: Proteins

14. Organic Compounds: Proteins
ENZYMES
enzyme - 1 of # of special
protein catalysts
contained in living
organisms
catalyst – substance that speeds up rate of a chemical reaction without being changed or used up by the reaction
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Organic Compounds: Proteins

15. Organic Compounds: Proteins
ENZYMES
Substrate - reactant affected by an enzyme
active site - region of an enzyme that can bind with a specific substrate or substrates
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Organic Compounds: Proteins

16. Organic Compounds: Proteins
ENZYMES
function/roles of enzymes:
regulate chemical pathways
synthesize materials needed by cells
releasing energy
transferring information
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Organic Compounds: Proteins

17. Organic Compounds: Proteins
Consists of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen atoms & some sulfur & phosphorus or other trace elements such as iron or copper
Soluble in water
Job create enzymes, function as a reserve source of energy.
Monomer: amino acids
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Organic Compounds: Proteins

18. Organic Compounds: Proteins
There are twenty amino acids and they can be strung together in unique combinations known as polypeptide chains, the polymer unit for proteins. A protein is only complete and functional when the polypeptide chain is folded into a unique 3-D shape
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Organic Compounds: Proteins

19. Organic Compounds: Proteins
Proteins are the most complex and functionally diverse molecules of living organisms. Proteins compose enzymes, blood cells and muscle tissue just to name a few and are therefore associated with meat products. Proteins are created by RNA during DNA Transcription and Translation, a process you will learn about later in the year. The base elements of proteins are C, H, O and N. The monomers of proteins are 20 different amino acids. The amino acids are bonded together in unique combinations to create a polypeptide chain, the protein polymer. This chain is then folded into a unique, functional protein.
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Organic Compounds: Proteins