1. Why did Russia struggle with domestic and Foreign issues in the 1800s?
What kind of reform movements happened in Russia ?
How were they accepted in Russia?
Why was there a Revolution in 1905?

2. Reform and Revolution in Russia

3. Russia 1800s Largest territory in Europe Largest population in Europe
Smallest amount of industrialization in Europe
Ports blocked by ice
Resource not developed
Competing with the Ottoman Empire for ports
Not Homogeneous population
Territory 6.59 million square miles.
. Only a quarter of it was in Europe and the rest in Asia. The majority of the 128 million population were Slavs, but there were over 200 different nationalities. Several of these groups wanted regional autonomy and this was the cause of a constant source of political conflict. There were also 5 million Jews and around 23 million Muslims living in the Russian Empire. The government's policy of russification (forbidding the use of local languages and the suppression of religious customs) created a great deal of resentment.

6. Poles and Finns not like Russian rule
Not affected by liberal movements of French Revolution at first
Czar ruled as a autocrat
Later Finns and Poles learn about liberalism
Also educated Russians hear liberalism

7. Repression of speech and press Reject idea of constitution
Czar not happy
Repression of speech and press
Reject idea of constitution
Nicholas I comes up with programs
Russification (domestic)
1. Pan Slavism (foreign)
In Balkans
2. Want to expand into Asia and Ottoman empire
Stopped with lose in the Crimean War

8. Czar Alexander II Reforms need = country was backwards
Need workers for factories
If become modern not own people (serfs)
1861 Emancipation Edict
Hard on freed serf
Sold little plots for high price
Rent more land for higher price
Some forced to cities to work in factories

9. Czar Alexander II 1864 allowed Zemstvos Reformed courts Some not happy
Councils to self rule county
Reformed courts
Some not happy
Conservatives
Liberals
Radicals

10. Radical Groups Nihilist (Nothing)
Just society created only by abolishing existing structures and starting over.
Populist
Live with the poor
Want large land holding divided amongst the poor
The more radical formed “The People’s Will” = TERRORIST

11. Radical groups led Alexander II to be more conservative
1866 Assassination attempt= more repressive
1874 people granted limited elections and military reforms
1881 Assassination by the Peoples Will
Alexander III and Nicholas II tried to stamp out liberalism
Police Chief Dvorzhitsky heard Rysakov shout out to someone else in the gathering crowd. The surrounding guards and the Cossacks urged the tsar to leave the area at once rather than being shown the site of the explosion. A second young member of the Narodnaya Volya, Ignacy Hryniewiecki, standing by the canal fence, raised both arms and threw something at the tsar's feet. He was alleged to have shouted, "It is too early to thank God".[14] Dvorzhitsky was later to write:
The Church of the Savior on Blood commemorates the spot where Czar Alexander II was assassinated.
"I was deafened by the new explosion, burned, wounded and thrown to the ground. Suddenly, amid the smoke and snowy fog, I heard His Majesty's weak voice cry, 'Help!' Gathering what strength I had, I jumped up and rushed to the tsar. His Majesty was half-lying, half-sitting, leaning on his right arm. Thinking he was merely wounded heavily, I tried to lift him but the czar's legs were shattered, and the blood poured out of them. Twenty people, with wounds of varying degree, lay on the sidewalk and on the street. Some managed to stand, others to crawl, still others tried to get out from beneath bodies that had fallen on them. Through the snow, debris, and blood you could see fragments of clothing, epaulets, sabers, and bloody chunks of human flesh."[

13. Censorship, spying, imprisonment Revived Russification Started Pograms
Massacres of Jews
Alexander II reforms = “SENSELESS DREAMS”

14. Industrial Revolution leads to workers wanting the rights to form unions and strike
Liberals and radicals supported by working class
1898 Socialist found the Social Democratic Labor Party
Copied the Social Democratic Party in Germany

15. 1904-1905 Russo – Japanese war War over land in China and Korea
Japan won
People start to question the Russian government
Leads to “Bloody Sunday” January 22, 1905
Czar’s soldiers open fire on protesters
Leads to Revolution of 1905

17. Revolution of 1905 Workers go on strike
Workers protest against government
Mutinies in army and navy
Czar Nicholas II has to give up power or might lose life
October Manifesto
Promise liberty and Parliament (DUMA) for the workers
Workers stop revolting
Government starts the repression and executions

18. Dealing with Critics Duma dissolved twice
Change representation to more land owners = few people allowed to vote

19. Why did Revolution of 1905 fail?
1. Army loyal the Czar
2. French allies with Russia and gives them money
3. Revolutionaries not unified
The government continued to treat people poorly
Government stayed above the law
People are repressed and limited in freedom

20. Editorials Alexander’s II reforms
One person will write a news release about the reforms of Alexander II. The other four will write to the editor of the newspaper from the point of view of one of the following: a conservative, a liberal, a radical Nihilist, or Radical Populist
When completed let group peer edit letter.