1. Aim: How does DNA store the genetic information?

2. Griffith’s Experiment:
Harmless strain of bacteria were “transformed” into a
deadly strain and killed the mice.
Griffith called the substance the “transforming factor”.

3. Was the transforming factor
Avery’s Experiment:
Was the transforming factor
Protein or DNA?
Heat treated deadly strain + harmless strain + protein
destroying enzymes 
Transformed Bacteria
Heat treated deadly strain + harmless strain + DNA
destroying enzymes 
Bacteria did not Transform
Concluded that DNA is the genetic material of the cell

4. Hershey & Chase Experiment:
Bacteriophage
When only the phage protein coats were labeled, most of the radioactivity was detected outside the cell. When the phage DNA was labeled, most of the radioactivity was detected inside the cells.

5. Carries the instructions for cell activities
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Carries the instructions for
cell activities

6. What are these instructions?
GENES that determine our traits & characteristics
How did we get our genes?

7. How is DNA organized?
It is a double helix made of repeating nucleotides
Spool of thread demo

8. Where are genes found in our body?
DNA Genes chromosomes in nucleus
Eukaryotes
(Smallest)
(Largest)

9. What do our genes give us?
The CODE for our characteristics or traits

10. How many genes do we have?
20-25 Thousand on ______ chromosomes 46

11. How does DNA carry the Genetic Code?
The structure of DNA allows it to carry the genetic code
It’s structure is a double helix made of repeating nucleotides

12. Nucleic Acids – made from nucleotides
DNA or
RNA
Phosphate Sugar Base

13. What is a nucleotide made of?
4 types
Deoxyribose
Subunits of DNA

14. What bases make up the DNA ladder rungs?
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
(purine)
(pyrimidine)
(purine)
(pyrimidine)

15. All …. Teachers Go …. Crazy
How do the bases pair up?
Adenine …. Thymine
Guanine …. Cytosine
All …. Teachers
Go …. Crazy

16. What holds the DNA base pairs together?
Weak hydrogen bonds
3 Hydrogen Bonds
2 Hydrogen Bonds

17. What in the DNA is unique in all organisms?
The base sequence
The order the bases are arranged in.

18. What part of DNA carries the genetic code?
The base sequence holds the genetic code.
Each organism has a different sequence of bases

19. Genotype- sequence of bases in DNA
The Blueprint that controls everything from protein formation to regulation of metabolism and synthesis.
The observable structure, function, or behavior of a living organism. (atoms to organs, & behavior)
Phenotype- proteins determine our appearance (traits) & functioning of our cells.

20. Let’s review Where is DNA found? What determines our traits?
Where are genes located?
What part of DNA carries the genetic code?
Genes

21. ALL TEACHERS GO CRAZY