1. Metabolism & Exercise
Noadswood Science, 2016

2. Metabolism & exercise
Sunday, June 03, 2018
To describe how exercise and metabolism are linked

3. Precise Learning
During exercise the human body reacts to the increased demand for energy.
The heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume increase during exercise to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood.
Students should be able to explain the importance of sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol in the synthesis and breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.
Metabolism is the sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body.
The energy transferred by respiration in cells is used by the organism for the continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism that synthesise new molecules.
Metabolism includes:
conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
the formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids
the use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which in turn are used to synthesise proteins
respiration
breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion.
All of these aspects are covered in more detail in the relevant specification section but are linked together here.

4. Exercise What does the body require when we exercise?
Glucose and oxygen need to get to our muscles for respiration

5. energy
When muscles work harder they respire more requiring more energy – this energy comes from increased glucose and oxygen meaning more blood flow is required to the cells and the body undertakes some physiological changes
Breathing rate is increased
Breath volume is increased
Heart rate increases pumping more blood around the body

6. Metabolism
Many chemical reactions take place all of the time (controlled by enzymes)
In some reactions larger molecules are made from smaller ones
Glucose molecules are joined together forming starch and cellulose in plants and glycogen in animals
Lipids are produced from smaller glycerol and 3x fatty acids
Glucose is combined with nitrate ions to make amino acids which then combine to form proteins

7. Metabolism
In other reactions larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones
Glucose is broken down in respiration
Excess protein is broken down to produce urea
The sum total of all the reactions that take place in the body is known as the metabolism

8. BMR
BMR calculator

9. Tour De France

10. Practice Questions What does a lipid molecule consist of?
What is formed when glucose combines with nitrate ions?
What component of urine is produced from the breakdown of excess protein?
What is meant by metabolism?

11. Answers
What does a lipid molecule consist of – 1x glycerol and 3x fatty acids
What is formed when glucose combines with nitrate ions – amino acids
What component of urine is produced from the breakdown of excess protein – urea
What is meant by metabolism – the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body