1. Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) Mission
Particles and Fields Package
Pre-Environmental Review
May , 2012
16 - STATIC
Dr. James McFadden

2. Overview Overview of instrument
Summary of EM testing and problem solving
FM Status and Schedule
I & T plan
Calibration plan

3. Summary of Science Requirements
STATIC Science Objectives and Requirements
Thermal Ionospheric Ions ( eV)
- >1 eV due to RAM velocity (~4 km/s), peak flux at ~4-5 eV
- densities of 105/cm3 require both attenuators
- densities of /cm3 require single attenuator
- resolve 3D angle distribution requires ~10-20 deg sensor resolution
- resolve parallel temperature down to ~0.1 eV requires ~1 eV
Suprathermal Ion Tail – Conics (5-100 eV)
- >5 eV ions with escape velocity
- expected fluxes similar to Earth’s aurora
- as RAM ions drop below ~102/cm3, switch off attenuators
Pick-up Ions (100 – 20,000 eV)
- tenuous flux may require long integrations
- flux generally maximum perpendicular to solar wind V and B
- optimal measurements may require rotation of APP
- instrument should not saturate in magnetosheath

4. STATIC Level 3 Requirements
STATIC measures Low- and medium-energy ion composition, energy, and direction:
Densities, velocities, and temperatures of suprathermal H+, O+, O2+, and CO2+ above the exobase with the ability to spatially resolve magnetic cusps
Derived Level 3 measurement requirements: ID
Title
Parent ID
Description
PF55
STATIC Flux Range 1
MRD52
STATIC shall measure energy fluxes from 1E7 to 1E10 eV/cm2-sec-ster-eV with 20 second resolution
PF56
STATIC Flux Range 2
MRD53
STATIC shall measure energy fluxes from 1E4 to 1E8 eV/cm2-sec-ster-eV with 30 minute resolution
PF57
STATIC Mass Range
MRD54
STATIC shall measure ions from at least 1-44amu
PF58
STATIC Mass Resolution
MRD55
STATIC shall have mass resolution m/dm of at least 2
PF59
STATIC Energy Range
MRD56
STATIC shall measure ions from 1 to 10,000eV
PF60
STATIC Energy Resolution
MRD405
STATIC shall have energy resolution dE/E of at least 30%
PF61
STATIC Angular Resolution
MRD406
STATIC shall have angular resolution of at least 30 degrees
PF62
STATIC FOV
MRD57
STATIC shall have a FOV at least 60 degrees by 180 degrees
PF63
STATIC Time Resolution 1
STATIC shall have time resolution of 20 seconds or better for Flux range 1
PF64
STATIC Time Resolution 2
STATIC shall have time resolution of 30 minutes or better for Flux range 2

5. PF Level 3 Requirements REQUIREMENT STATIC DESIGN
PF55: STATIC shall measure energy fluxes from 107 to eV/cm2-sec-ster-eV with 20 second resolution
Compliance. STATIC includes 2 attenuators that extend the dynamic range to 1012 eV/cm2-s-ster-eV
PF56: STATIC shall measure energy fluxes from 104 to eV/cm2-sec-ster-eV with 30 minute resolution
Compliance. STATIC is designed to handle isotropic fluxes up to 108 eV/cm2-s-ster-eV with the attenuators off w/o significant dead time . At flux levels of 104 eV/cm2-sec-ster-eV, STATIC will register 15 counts in a single energy-angle channel with 30 minute integration.
PF57: STATIC shall measure ions from at least 1-44 amu
Compliance. STATIC mass range will extend to at least 70 amu.
PF58: STATIC shall have mass resolution m/dm of at least 2
Compliance. STATIC prototype testing indicates m/dm of ~4 at O2+, and higher resolution at lower masses.
PF59: STATIC shall measure ions from 1 to 10,000eV
Compliance. STATIC analyzer energy constant and HV specification allow measurements up to 30 keV. STATIC sweep HV supply is designed to measure and correct for OPamp offsets and drifts to provide accurate low energy measurements to 1 eV.
PF60: STATIC shall have energy resolution dE/E of at least 30%
Compliance. STATIC’s energy analyzer has an intrinsic energy resolution dE/E of ~15%.
PF61: STATIC shall have angular resolution of at least 30 degrees
Compliance. STATIC’s angular resolution is 22.5 degrees in azimuth (anode resolution) and ~6 degrees elevation (varies w/ deflection).
PF62: STATIC shall have a FOV at least 60 degrees by 180 degrees
Compliance. STATIC’s FOV is 90 degrees by 360 degrees, minus losses do to s/c obstruction (<90) in the 360 deg FOV.
PF63: STATIC shall have time resolution of 20 seconds or better for Flux range 1
Compliance. STATIC’s time resolution is 4 seconds.
PF64: STATIC shall have time resolution of 30 minutes or better for Flux range 2
Compliance. STATIC’s time resolution is 4 seconds, but uses ~2 minute averaging times for tenuous pickup ions.

6. STATIC Block Diagram Starting from the top:
1) Ions are energy selected by the analyzer
2) Ions post accelerated by 15 kV
3) Ions penetrate Start foil producing e-
4) Start electrons accelerated and deflected to the MCP producing signal in Start anodes
5) Ions traverse 2 cm and penetrate Stop foils producing e-
6) Stop e-, accelerated by ~10 kV, penetrate thick foil (-4-5 kV), strike MCP producing signal in Stop anodes
7) Protons penetrating Stop foil are captured by thick foil before reflecting
8) Heavy ions may reflect before thick foil, due to energy losses in foils, but have high efficiency for foil e- production
9) Separate delay line anodes for Start and Stop signal allows both position and time coincidence for rejection of noise.
10) Digital interface board decodes and stores event before transfer to PFDPU
11) 4 sec cycle time 64E x 16 Deflections
Mechanical
Attenuator
Electrostatic
Attenuator

7. STATIC Data Messages Messages from STATIC to PFDPU Data rate (kbits)
Housekeeping messages 4 x 16bits / 4ms 16.
LUT checksum messages 12 x 16bits / 4s
Raw Event messages 1to32 x 48bits / 4ms
Rate messages 12 x 16bits / 4ms
Mass Histogram 1024M x 16bits / 4s x2
P1 - 64M x 64E x 3
P2 - 16D x 64E x 3
P3 - 16A x 4D x 16E x 3
P4A - 8D x 32E x 32M (ram mode) x 3
P4B - 16A x 4D x 16E x 16M (conic mode) x 3
P4C - 16A x 4D x 32E x 8M (pickup mode) x 3
P4D - 16A x 32E x 8M (APP scan mode) x 3
Software was developed for processing and displaying data in these messages

8. Summary of EM Testing

9. EM Testing, Problems & Solutions
Acoustic testing shown to not impact carbon foils
Some foil damage during vib test: pre-selection vib added
Vibration testing of electronics box and sensor resulted broken contact: modified TOF electrical connection
Identified MCP and ACC HV cross-talk to Sweep HV as possible source of energy broadening: added filtering
Field emission from TOF could result in feedback producing a discharge: added resistor to HV output
Field emission a concern: increased TOF-MCP gap
Vibration resulted in SWP-HV-feedback: solved w/ staking
Possible latch up of TOF-ADC: added power reset circuit
Test pulser inadequate, new design used with faster edge
Digital board layout issues w/ noise: modified layout
LVPS modifications to increase efficiency

10. EM Testing and Validation
Vibration and Acoustic testing of carbon foils
Vibration testing of electronics box and sensor
Voltage-Thermal Margin Test of EM electronics w/ test pulser
EM Preamp-TDC hit with cold spray, heat gun to verify <1 ns drift in timing
Validated FPGA functionality (table loads, hkp, dac ctrl, …)
Validated FPGA data messages
Developed software for displaying test/calibration data
HV tested at 5e-4 Torr after 9 days high vacuum
HV cross-talk: SWP-HV verified to have <6 mV noise: negligible energy broadening at low energies
EM sensor tested with gun down to 10 eV
Electrostatic attenuator tested at 10 eV

11. EM – Portion of CPT with Test Pulser
Count
Rate
Sweeping TOF changing Variable TOF Variable TOF/Sweep
Mass hist
avg
Test pulses that overlapping energy step dead-time look like noise
Mass bin
Prod 1
Invalid test pulses eliminated by anode selection logic
Mass bin
Prod 4
Energy
bin

12. EM HV turn-on, SWP-DEF HV engaged
MCP HV voltage turn-on
15kV HV voltage turn-on
Analyzer turn-on
Analyzer sweeping
Count Rates
Mass bin
Prod 1
Energy bin
Prod 2
Deflector bin
Prod 2
Anode bin
Prod 3

13. EM Testing – Rotation of Sensor
Start
Stop
Rates
Mass hist
Prod 1
Compare
Mass hist
1024 Masses
Prod 1
64 Masses
Prod 3
16 Anodes

14. EM Testing – High Pressure Test
MCP mA
2e e e e e e-4
MCP V
ACC mA
ACC V
Count
Rates
Prod 1
Mass
Bins

15. FM Status and Schedule

16. FM Summary Status - Schedule
Subsystem Work TBDs Subsystem Testing Integration Ready
TOF complete
Analyzer complete
Mech Attenuator harnessing/adjustment
Shield Boards one being remade, others complete
Anode-MCP clean/stake/coat to
Preamp-TDC test/clean/stake/coat 5-1 to
Digital test/clean/stake/coat 5-1 to
Sweep test/clean/stake/coat to
FPGA burn/test/clean/stake/coat to
LVPS test/clean/stake/coat 5-1 to
ACC/MCP assembly/test/clean/stake/coat 5-25 to
System Level Integration Test
Analyzer Integration test w/ EM electronics to 6-10
Thermal Vac Cycle to 6-17
Initial Calibration Testing to 7-1
Integration With PFDPU to 7-8
Environmental Testing (Vib/TV) to …

17. FM Status – TOF & Carbon Foils
Fully Assembled, ready for analyzer integration 5-30
Acoustic qualification of the FM carbon foils complete

18. FM Status – Energy Analyzer
Fully Assembled, ready for analyzer integration 5-30
Continuity check of HV connectors and grids complete

19. FM Status – Mechanical Attenuator
Identical to SWIA attenuator
Assembled, waiting on electrical harnessing 5-23
Adjustment and burn-in completion date 5-25
Integration into FM analyzer
Spare unit into life testing while FM is integrated

20. FM Status – Anode/MCPs MCPs have been tested, characterized
All mechanical parts fabricated
Anode subsystem testing complete
Clean/Stake/Coat to be completed
Integration into FM analyzer

21. FM Status – TDC & Preamp Boards
Preamp subsystem testing complete
TDC waiting on PFR for capacitor change (to reduce in-rush and stress on tantalum caps)
Clean/Stake/Coat to be completed
Integration into FM analyzer

22. FM Status – Digital Digital board subsystem testing complete
Waiting on final LVPS voltages for test pulser resistor select (dynamic range sensitive to actual voltages)
Waiting on PFR for damaged +28V return trace.
Waiting on PFR to connect digital and analog ground
Clean/Stake/Coat to be completed
Integration into FM analyzer

23. FM Status – FPGA EM flight-like FPGA testing completed 5-14
Daughter board kit sent to JPL
JPL fabrication to be completed
Testing of FM FPGA to be completed
Clean/Stake/Coat to be completed
Integration into FM analyzer
Flight like EM

24. FM Status – Sweep HVPS FM board complete 5-15
Testing to be completed
Clean/Stake/Coat to be completed
Integration into FM analyzer

25. FM Status – ACC/MCP FM assembly to be completed 5-25
Waiver needed for shield wall coupon failure (Streamline’s measurements show adequate plated through holes)
Testing to be completed
Clean/Stake/Coat to be completed 6-8
Integration into FM analyzer
EM ACC/MCP Supply

26. FM Status – LVPS Board level testing complete 5-22
Integration test sensor electronics
Thermal Stress Test to 5-29
Clean/Coat/Stake to 6-10
Integration into Sensor

27. FM Test Results
Vibration qualification of the FM carbon foils complete
MCP testing complete
Anode delay line testing complete
Preamp gain and pulse shape testing complete
TDC timing and linearity testing – analyzing data
Digital board functionality and test pulser complete
Sweep HVPS testing begun
LVPS testing begun
ACC/MCP waiting on fabrication

28. I & T Plan

29. STATIC LV CPT Summary Turn-on Procedure (if needed)
General Functionality test
Put instrument in default mode and check product generation
Housekeeping check
Table load memory test
Default table load and check
test pulser operational
Test pulser and noise test
Test pulser threshold test
Noise threshold
Test pulser and product functionality
Test pulser in sweep cycle
Test pulser in mass cycle mode
Test pulser in mass and sweep cycle mode
Command functionality testing
Event rejection test
TDC Time-reset test
TDC Latch-up protection test
Housekeeping functionality and dwell mode

30. STATIC Trending Values for I&T/ATLO
Housekeeping Values
Digital and Analog Voltages
With (if configuration allows) and without HV enabled and ramped up
Instrument Power Draw
With (if configuration allows) and without HV
Analog Electronics
Test pulser drift
Background Count Rates
Background noise without HV
Background counts with HV

31. STATIC Vibration Plans
STATIC will be tested at the same vibration facility as the EM.
FM will be tested to Protoflight levels- no electronics in EM vibration test.
Instrument will be bagged (with accelerometer cutouts) during vibration testing.
STATIC EM Vibe

32. STATIC Acoustics Plans
STATIC will be tested at the same acoustics facility as the EM.
FM will be tested to Acceptance Levels.

33. STATIC TVAC Cycles Cycle Number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LPT LPT LPT LPT LPT
Hot Start, TB
LPT
LPT
LPT
LPT
LPT
CPT
Bake-Out
Open Cover,
Test
Atten
Break Vacuum: Reset Cover,
LPT
LPT
HV On.
Ion Box On
HV On,
Ion Box On
Open Cover,
Test Atten
Reconfigure
to I/F to EM PFDPU
LPT
LPT
LPT
LPT
CPT
CPT
Cold Start, Heater Test, TB

34. TVAC Functional Plan Cycle Plan 1 (Survival)
Perform initial LPT at ambient, prior to pump down.
Transition to Hot unpowered. Dwell at Hot for 12 hours (initial bakeout).
Perform Hot Start LPT.
Perform TB
Transition to Cold unpowered. Dwell at Cold for 12 hours.
Verify Survival and Operational Heater operation.
Perform Cold Start LPT.
Open STATIC Cover and test Attenuator cold. 2
Transition to Ambient +10C. Break vacuum to reconfigure for thermal cycling and to reset cover. Perform LPT at ambient, prior to pump down. Transition to Hot Operating. Perform Hot Start and LPT.
3-6
Transition to Hot/Cold Operating, in operational mode (No HV) for Hot transition. Soak at Hot/Cold for >4 hours, run LPT at end of each dwell.
Open STATIC Cover and test Attenuator hot in cycle 4. 7
Perform CPT (HV On) at Cold dwell. Transition to Hot, powered in operational mode with HV On (sweeping) and ion box producing low energy ions. Soak at Hot for >4 hours, run CPT (HV On) at end of dwell. 8
Reconfigure outside chamber to I/F with EM PFDPU. Perform CPT (HV On) at Cold dwell. Transition to Hot, in operational mode with HV On (sweeping) and ion box on.
Post
Dwell at hot survival temperature for remainder of 48 hour bakeout time, or until TQCM indicates acceptable level.
NB: Currently Survival and Operating are the same value for both Hot and Cold.
Limited thermal balance requires no extra cycles or change in configuration.

35. Calibration Plan

36. Calibration Setup STATIC 28V Power Supply Cover/Heater Relay Box Power
Gun 1
Ion
Gun 2
Power
Supply
Cover Mon/
Thermister
Attenuator
Actuator Ctrl
NETGEAR
GSEOS PC
STA-J3
MISG
BOX
STA-J2
STA-J4
Enable
Plug
28V Power
Supply
STA-J1
Manipulator
Calibration Chamber

37. Calibration Procedures
Analyzer Calibration
Turn-on procedure (noise, test pulser, threshold, HV turn-on, offset, background)
MCP PHD – checks for optimal gain on detectors
Anode Position calibration: Constants for onboard anode position table
Analyzer Energy-Angle Cal: Energy constant, Center Angle, Concentricity
Deflector Angle Cal: Deflector constant & Concentricity
Rotational Symmetry: Concentricity and Uniformity of detector response
Deflector Symmetry: Deflector concentricity
Mechanical Attenuator Energy-Angle Cal: Attenuated Energy constant & Center Angle
Energy Sweep Test: Linearity of energy sweep with commanded DAC voltage
Deflector Sweep Test: Linearity of Deflector sweeping
Low Energy Attenuator Energy-Angle Cal: Attenuator Energy & Attenuation constants
Attenuator Symmetry Test: Attenuation factor as function of rotation
Low Energy Deflector symmetry Test: Uniformity of attenuators
TOF Calibration
Efficiency & Foil Thickness Test: Measure mass peaks and efficiency versus ACC
Ghost Peak Test: Determine background including any ghost peaks
(each Procedure takes from 20 min to ~3 hrs to perform)
(Ghost Peak Test requires new ion gun)

38. Example Calibration Procedures
Analyzer Energy-Angle Cal
Diagnostic mode, deflectors off, beam = 1800 eV, (Vinner ~ 250V)
Perform test with Rot centered at anodes 2,6,10,14
For each yaw (-10, 10, .5), step Vinner over voltage range V
Determine average energy constant
Repeat test at 100 eV if there is time
Low Energy Attenuator Energy-Angle calibration
Diagnostic mode, anode 8, deflectors off, beam = 10 eV, filament current set1
Electrostatic and Mechanical attenuators off
filament current settings (approximate): set1=0.75, set2=0.85, set3=0.95 mA
For each yaw (-10, 10, .5), step Vinner over voltage range 1.0 to 2.0V
Repeat test with electrostatic attenuator on, mechanical off, filament current set1
Repeat test with electrostatic attenuator on, mechanical off, filament current set2
Repeat test with electrostatic attenuator off, mechanical on, filament current set2
Repeat test with electrostatic attenuator off, mechanical on, filament current set3
Repeat test with electrostatic attenuator on, mechanical on, filament current set3

39. Example Calibration Procedures
Efficiency and Foil Thickness Test
Diagnostic mode, deflectors off, beam = 100eV & 5 keV
Perform test for each beam mass = H+, He+, Ne+, Ar+
Perform test centered at each anode
For ACC of 12,13,14,15kV, collect mass spectra and rate efficiencies
Determine detection efficiency
Determine shift of mass peaks with ACC to determine start foil thickness
Determine efficiency drop-off of Ar+ stop signals with ACC (for stop foil thickness)
Ghost Peak Test
Perform at ACC of 13 & 15kV
Perform test from Rot=-180 to 180 deg, 1 deg increments
Dwell long enough for statistically significant background & ghost peaks

40. End of STATIC Presentation

41. PF Level 3 Performance Verification
REQUIREMENT
STATIC DESIGN
PF55: STATIC shall measure energy fluxes from 107 to eV/cm2-sec-ster-eV with 20 second resolution
Compliance. Low Energy Attenuator Energy-Angle Cal &
Energy Sweep Test & Deflector Sweep Test & CPT
PF56: STATIC shall measure energy fluxes from 104 to eV/cm2-sec-ster-eV with 30 minute resolution
Compliance. Energy Sweep Test & Deflector Sweep Test & CPT
PF57: STATIC shall measure ions from at least 1-44 amu
Compliance. Efficiency & Foil Thickness Test
PF58: STATIC shall have mass resolution m/dm of at least 2
PF59: STATIC shall measure ions from 1 to 10,000eV
Energy Sweep Test
PF60: STATIC shall have energy resolution dE/E of at least 30%
Compliance. Analyzer Energy-Angle Cal & Energy Sweep Test
PF61: STATIC shall have angular resolution of at least 30 degrees
Compliance. Analyzer Energy-Angle Cal & Rotational Symmetry Test
PF62: STATIC shall have a FOV at least 60 degrees by 180 degrees
Compliance. Deflector Angle Cal & Rotational Symmetry Test & Deflector concentricity & Mechanical Attenuator Energy-Angle Cal
PF63: STATIC shall have time resolution of 20 seconds or better for Flux range 1
Compliance. CPT
PF64: STATIC shall have time resolution of 30 minutes or better for Flux range 2