1. The central ideas of evolution are that life has a history
The central ideas of evolution are that life has a history. It has changed over time and that different species share common ancestors.

2. Evolution only occurs when there is a change in gene frequency within a population over time.
1st generation of Beetle population
Many generations later of the same population

3. Gene Pool
Any change made in the gene pool over time contributes to evolution

4. What can cause these changes?
Mutations- Any change (error) made in DNA during replication

5. Mutation
Mutations are important in how populations change over time because they result in genetic changes to the gene pool.

6. Mutations can cause changes over time, if they cause an inheritable beneficial trait.

7. What can cause these changes?
Migration (Gene Flow)-
An individual travels to a new population and introduces a new trait.

8. What can cause these changes?
Genetic Drift-
Random event that changes the allele frequency in a population

9. What can cause these changes?
Natural Selection-
process of evolution in which traits that result in better fitness of an individual survives to the next generation.

10. Insecticide application
The evolution of insecticide resistance is an example of natural selection in action
Chromosome with gene conferring resistance to insecticide
Additional applications of the same insecticide will be less effective, and the frequency of resistant insects in the population will grow
Insecticide application
Survivor

11. Natural Selection
the survival and reproduction of the individuals in a population that exhibit the traits that best enable them to survive in their environment.
The Survival of the Fittest

12. What can cause these changes?
Mutation
Migration/ Gene Flow
Genetic Drift
Natural Selection

13. Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution:
1. Members of a population have inheritable variations. (Inheritance of traits)

14. Why Genetic Variation?
If a population was 100% the same… natural selection and genetic drift would have NO effect because the genetic make-up would never change.

15. Sexual Reproduction- brings together a new combination of genes.
Introduces new combinations of genes every generation.

16. 2. In a population, more individuals are produced than the environment can support. They compete for food and shelter. (overproduction- struggle for survival).

17. 3. Some individuals have adaptive characteristics that enable them to survive and reproduce better than other individuals (survival of the fittest).

18. 4. An increasing number of individuals in succeeding generations have these adaptive characteristics (natural selection)

20. Evolution takes place through a set of processes that include:
mutation,
adaptation,
natural selection,
extinction.

21. This is called “selective breeding”
When humans choose organisms with specific characteristics as breeding stock, they are performing the role of the environment
This is called “selective breeding”
Example of selective breeding in plants: five vegetables derived from wild mustard

22. Selective breeding in Animals: Dog Breeding
German shepherd
Yorkshire terrier
English springer spaniel
Mini-dachshund
Golden retriever
Hundreds to thousands of years of breeding (artificial selection)
Ancestral dog

23. How do we know there has been changes?
Evidence of Evolution
How do we know there has been changes?

24. The study of fossils provides strong evidence for evolution.
Petrified Trees
Hominid skulls

25. Younger
Relative Dating
Older
Relative Dating

26. Fossilized organic matter in a leaf
Ammonite casts

27. “Ice Man”
Scorpion in amber

28. Homologous Structures provide evidence of evolution
Human
Cat
Whale
Bat

29. Vestigial Structures
EX.: appendix in humans, whale pelvis, tiny snake pelvic and limb bones, and the eyes in cave-dwelling salamanders and fish that are completely blind.

30. Provide evidence that organisms evolved from a common ancestor

31. The central ideas of evolution are that life has a history
The central ideas of evolution are that life has a history. It has changed over time and that different species share common ancestors.