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Nervous System HLTAP301A
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Nervous System Communication and control centre of the body
Structurally divided into CNS and PNS CNS Brain and spinal cord 2. PNS Spinal nerves and cranial nerves Further divided into Sensory which monitors changes and carry info to CNS Motor info is sent from CNS towards muscles and glands causing a response
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Neurons Most important in the transmission of information
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Neuroglia Support, protect, insulate, nourish and generally care for neurons
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CNS
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CNS Covered by 3 layers of membrane called meningies
Dura mater is outer most layer Arachnoid mater is middle layer Pia mater is inner most layer Between arachnoid and pia is the subarachnoid space filled with CSF CSF provides nourishment to CNS as well as cushioning CNS
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NERVOUS SYSTEM
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The Brain Divided into functional sections Cerebrum Largest section
Divided into R and L hemispheres Each hemisphere has 4 lobes Functions include memory, association, thought and judgement
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BRAIN
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The Brain 2. Cerebellum Second largest section
Posterior and inferior to cerebrum Function is to coordinate voluntary movements by maintaining balance, posture and muscle tone
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BRAIN
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The Brain 3. Brain stem Connects cerebrum to spinal cord
Provides a pathway for ascending and descending tracts Divided into sections called Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata
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Brain Functions Frontal lobe Motor area Personality Behaviour
Emotive expression Intellectual functions Memory storage
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Brain Functions 2. Parietal lobe Sensory area Taste Speech reading
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Brain Functions 3. Occipital lobe Vision Reading interpretation
Judging distances Seeing in 3 dimension
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Brain Functions 4. Temporal lobe Hearing Smell Taste Memory storage
Part of speech area
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Brain Functions 5. Thalamus Relays sensory information to cerebrum
6. Hypothalamus Regulate temperature Water balance Sex Thirst Appetite Pleasure and fear
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Brain functions 7. Midbrain Relays sensory and motor information
8. Pons Plays a role in respiration 9. Medulla oblongata Regulate heart rate, blood flow, blood pressure, respirations Reflex for coughing, sneezing, swallowing and vomiting
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Brain functions 9. Cerebellum Coordinates voluntary muscle activity
Maintains balance and muscle tone
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PNS Divided into Somatic NS Controls skeletal muscles
12 pairs cranial nerves supplying above the neck 31 pairs supplying trunk and limbs 2. Autonomic NS Controls involuntary movements of internal organs and gland secretions Also divided into Sympathetic NS which acts when we are excited, frightened or exercising. Parasympathetic NS which slows body functions back down
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NERVOUS SYSTEM
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