1. Autonomous driving : French policy update
F-US roundtable
Connected and autonomous vehicles :
a State of Play
Washington, DC,
January 8, 2017
Xavier Delache 1

2. Outline Background : industry roadmap Organisational overview
State of play of test policy
Overview of pre-regulatory work

3. Background : French industry roadmap (2014)
Objectives
Survey and coordinate local initiatives
Elaborate a communication strategy
Assess socio-economic, safety impact & acceptability
Provide appropriate test facilities
Demonstrate safety impacts
Adapt regulatory framework for experiments
Adapt regulatory framework for market uptake
Develop an insurance system
Develop drivers’ training

4. Industry roadmap : research « hot zones »
Perception, detection and data fusion
Decision-making algorithms
Mapping
Connectivity
HMI
Data system boundaries
Behavioral inputs for algorithms
Systems reliability
Test systems for algorithms
Simulators

5. Industry roadmap : use cases (1/2)
Vehicle type
< 2020
Private cars
Traffic jam
Motorway with simple lane change
Local parking valet
Commercial vehicles
Autonomous vehicles on industrial sites
Speed regulation by the infrastructure
Platooning
Waste management vehicles
Agricultural sprayer
Public transport
Self stowage
Shuttle convoys in reduced speed areas
Shuttle convoys in closed sites
Self-serve vehicles in closes sites

6. Industry roadmap : use cases (2/2)
Vehicle type
< 2030
> 2030
Private cars
Commuting journey
Extended parking valet
All contexts
Commercial vehicles
Freight transport in transit lanes
Autonomous urban delivery
Public transport
Self-serve vehicles on roads
Shared taxi fleets
Transport on demand around railway stations

7. Organisational overview : national
Strategic High Level Group
Directors General for Transport + Energy + Industry + Interior
National strategy + overall coordination of tasks
Pre-regulatory Task force
Administrations and technical departments
Use-case analysis regarding their main safety challenges
Technical coordination previous to international fora
Technical coordination with industry
Tests inter-administrative group
Tests authorisations and follow-up
Preparation of future test regulation
Prospective participatory workshop
Public + industry + academia + NGO’s
Elaboration of disruptive and questionning scenarii
Industry roadmap groups
Various working groups, driven by use cases

8. Organisational overview : european context
Franco-german cooperation (29 september 2016)
Impact assessement (safety, fluidity, mobility, environment)
Common test needs
Digital cross border test bed
European groups and projects
Gear 2030 – WG 2
E.g. : connectivity ; financing tools and priorities ; liability ; road safety ; tests ; vehicle-type-approval
C-ITS platform
use cases for automation and public transport in urban areas 
Automotive and telecommunication alliance
Value-added connection functionnalities and capacities (ITS G5, 4 G, LTE-V2X, 5G) to mature automation use cases

9. State of play of test policy (1/3)
Regulatory framework
Ordinance on automated vehicles experimentation (3rd august 2016)
Objectives (Law on Energy transition, july 2015) : to allow circulation on public roads of vehicles with partial or total delegated driving, be they particular cars, freight vehicles or public transport vehicles, for experimentation purposes, in conditions that ensure safety for all users and providing, if necessary, an appropriate responsability framework
Circulation of vehicles with partial or full driving delegation
for test purposes
on open roads
is submitted to an authorisation,
aimed at safeguarding safety
issued by the Minister of Transport
after advice of the Minister for the Interior
and, when appropriate, after advice of relevant road, police and transit authorities
Autorisations’ conditions and follow-up are set by decree
(in preparation)

10. State of play of test policy (2/3)
Overview of experimentations :
Passengers cars :
highway with low traffic or traffic jam situation
level 3/4 SAE compatible
driver always in the loop
Automated shuttles :
urban and city center situations
level 4/5 SAE compatible
Experiments up to now :
pending : 7
on going : 6
finished : 10

11. State of play of test policy (3/3)
Main lessons learned from tests
Vehicle’s environment perception
Insertion in traffic and lane merge
Unfair bevaviors from other road users
Objects / debris partly obstructing a lane
Roadworks
Very degradated horizontal signage
Very bad visibility weather conditions
NB : safety challenges of drivers’ attention and transition phases will be documented further in next tests

12. Overview of pre-regulatory work (1/4)
Use-cases’ road-safety critical situations
Concept : situations, of significant probability and potential high adverse impacts, that autonomous functions (including perception) could face
= interactions vehicle / driver / infrastructure / traffic + road users
(reliability of autonomous systems is out of scope)
References – similar approaches :
UN-ECE vehicle’s regulation (R 79) : ~ system boundaries
NHTSA guidance : ~ Object and Event Detection and Response
Objectives
Prepare UN-ECE and EU regulation and discussions
Vehicles regulation (R 79 )
NB : cf. ongoing parties' consultation on the possibility of the revised Vienna convention to cover automation use cases
Support fruitful dialogue with industry
Identify ± critical use cases
Provide guidance for testing

13. Overview of pre-regulatory work (2/4)
Methodology
Two-dimensions analysis approach
Driving Situations
Infrastructure
Current driving objectives (eg: lane changing maneuvers - straight lane or curve)
Level of Traffic
Events to consider
Events related to road signage
Events related to the use of infrastructure ……
=> Assessments criteria
Criticity based on ISO 26262
Level of automation (SAE levels from 0 to 5)

14. Overview of pre-regulatory work (3/4)

15. Overview of pre-regulatory work (4/4)
Expected focuses and outputs
Specific needs for safety analysis and/or tests for type approval
Minimal risk and safety manouevres triggering conditions
HMI’s (warning) functionnalities in critical situations
Event data recording needs
Driver’s information needs
Priority macro-use cases to be screened
Highway pilot
Parking valet
Shuttle

16. Autonomous driving : French policy update Questions ?
Thank you
Xavier Delache 16