1. Chapter 30: Vietnam and the End of the Liberal Era
NATION OF NATIONS, SIXTH EDITION
DAVIDSON • DELAY • HEYRMAN • LYTLE • STOFF

2. Preview
“The war in Vietnam increasingly distracted President Lyndon Johnson from his program of liberal reform. …Amid dissent over the war at home, women, Latinos, Asian American, Native Americans and gays all pressed their campaigns for equality, as did the consumer and environmental movements…”

3. The Highlights The Road to Vietnam Social Consequences of the War
The Unraveling
Nixon’s War
The New Identity Politics
Pragmatic Conservatism
The Road’s End for Vietnam and for Liberalism

4. DAY 1

5. Soaps 28-7 Video turning points 3:50-8:10 turning points1964-73

6. The Road to Vietnam JFK SHOT 11/1963
Lyndon Johnson’s War & Great Society
The domino theory
Tonkin Gulf Resolution, 1964, supposed attack results in ok for president to use force
Rolling Thunder
Escalation and Robert McNamara
Air strikes

7. Levels of U.S. Troops in Vietnam (at Year End)

8. Social Consequences of the War
The Soldiers’ War
Body counts
Defoliants, Agent Orange, Cluster Bombs cost $2billion a month
The War at Home
Hawks and doves
McNamara loses faith
Inflation

9. The Unraveling Tet Offensive
One of the great American intelligence failures
Stalemate declared by Walter Cronkite
My Lai Lieutenant Calley kills 200+
“Clean for Gene” McCarthy and Robert Kennedy enter 1968 race
LBJ withdraws
The Shocks of 1968
The King and Robert Kennedy assassinations
Both men exemplified the liberal tradition

10. Video turning points 11:57 turning points1964-73

11. Hubert Humphrey Democratic candidate DNC 1968 Grant Park
Chicago
Hubert Humphrey Democratic candidate
DNC 1968 Grant Park
Whose Silent Majority?
Governor George Wallace formed American Independence- average man campaign
Nixon’s “silent majority”
The election of 1968
“The clashes in Chicago reflected a growing willingness among students worldwide to use violence to press their revolutionary causes.”

13. AP PG 139

14. Day 2
What was the Gulf of Tonkin resolution? What led to the growing concern in America about the Vietnam war?
What was the Domino Theory as it pertained to Vietnam?

15. Nixon’s War Vietnamization—and Cambodia
“Peace with honor” meant pro-American S. Vietnamese gov’t
Nixon launched a series of bombing attacks against North Vietnamese supply depots
Invading Cambodia- Congress repelled Gulf of Tonkin resolution
Fighting a No-Win War
Morale became a serious problem for American soldiers- Frigging
As the troops became restive, domestic opposition to the war grew

16. The Move toward Détente
Nixon Doctrine- using allies for containment-Japan, Iran, Zaire, and South Africa- weapons sales jump from 1 to 15 billion
SALT I (1972)- Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty- stop building ballistic weapons
“Despite Nixon’s insistence on ‘peace with honor,’ Vietnam was not a war he had chosen to fight. Both Kissinger and Nixon recognized that the United States no longer had the strength to exercise unchallenged dominance across the globe.”

17. The New Identity Politics
Latino Activism
Cesar Chavez and the UFW
The Choices of American Indians
Termination: reduction of federal services, selling off land
American Indian Movement
Wounded Knee

18. Why was The ERA defeated DBQ pg 513

19. Feminism
The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan argued society stops women from achieving potential
Kennedy’s Commission on the Status of Women passed 1963 equal pay act and add gender to civil rights act of 1964
National Organization for Women- pushed for LBJ women in affirmative action
Equal Rights and Abortion
Roe v. Wade (1973)- legalized abortion
Phyllis Schlafly argued against ERA
USA divided on religion, politics, and amendment

20. SOAPS 29-6

21. Day 3 What happened at My Lai? What group did Caeser Chavez found?
What did the court support in Roe v Wade?

22. Chap 31 sec 1 American Lives The Americans pg 81

23. Value Politics: The Consumer and Environmental Movements
Technology and Unbridled Growth
Rachel Carson: Silent Spring
Consumer advocates
Ralph Nader attacks GM Corvair: Unsafe at Any Speed
Barry Commoner The Closing Circle – modern society courted disaster by trying to “improve on nature”

24. Political Action by Nixon to satisfy liberals
National Environmental Policy Act, 1969
1970: Nixon establishes Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA)
Clean Water and Clean Air Acts
Earth Day

25. Video turning points 15:46 turning points1964-73

26. Pragmatic Conservatism
The New Federalism- power flows from DC to ppl
Revenue sharing and block grants
Social Policies and the Courts
Supreme Court at odds with silent majority over affirmative action, school prayer, contraception, criminal rights, obscenity, school busing 26

27. George McGovern-feminism, pot, peace
A Victory Too Far 1972?
George McGovern-feminism, pot, peace
Nixon received almost 61 percent of the popular vote
The plumbers stop gov’t leaks
Impoundment: refusal to spend the appropriated money for a program 27

28. The Watergate Break-In
June 1972: Democratic National Committee headquarters in Watergate apartment complex burglarized robbers had $2,000 in hundreds, walkie talkies, and E. Howard Hunt W. House
Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein of Washington Post followed
John Dean White House counsel rats on Nixon Senate hearings
Vice President Agnew resigns amongst bribe and tax scandal 28

29. Video turning points 19:46 turning points1964-73

30. The Resignation of a President
Saturday Night Massacre- Nixon fired special prosecutor Cox over subpoenaing of tapes
White House tapes revealed Nixon plotting with Dean
The smoking gun resulted in court ordering tapes turned over
Nixon resigns August 8, 1974
Gerald Ford sworn in as president 30

31. The Americans Rethinking Activity 32-2 pg 8

32. Day 4 What book did Rachel Carson write?
What was the goal of the New Federalism?
Why did Richard Nixon resign?

33. “Had the system worked. In one sense, yes
“Had the system worked? In one sense, yes. For the first time a president had been forced to leave office for breaking the law. …Yet the larger issue involved what one historian called an ‘imperial presidency,’ in which power shifted increasingly into the Oval Office… …Future presidents would extend the reach of the office in similar ways, citing the demands of national security.”

34. The Road’s End for Vietnam and for Liberalism
Gerald Ford inherited an office crippled by scandal
A Post-Imperial President:
War Powers Act president must consult Congress if possible b4 committing troops, report back after 2 days, and withdraw after 60 days
Reports of widespread abuses by intelligence services especially on Dr. King

35. The Search for Stability Secretary of State Henry Kissinger
Coup in Chile overthrew Allende
Energy and the Middle East
United States’ dependence on foreign oil
Yom Kippur War and the energy crisis
Oil boycott from October 1973 until March 1974 staggered the economies of western Europe and Japan
Kissingers Shuttle diplomacy: Sadat’s government in Cairo and the Israeli government of Golda Meir in Jerusalem 35

36. Limits Across the Globe Détente- easing as a foreign policy tool
Helsinki Summit (1975) SALT II
South Vietnam falls 55,000 dead Americans and cost 400 billion
“Vietnam marked the end of liberalism triumphant as well as the end of the United States as an unequaled superpower. …No longer did Americans believe that the world could be remade in their image with the help of brilliant intellectuals or well-intended government social programs.” 36

37. Chap 32 Building Vocabulary The Americans pg 5

38. Day 5 What is a pardon? What was the war pardons act?
Who was Henry Kissinger?

39. Why was the Equal Rights Amendment defeated?