1. School WASH Thematic Session
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Afghanistan Conference on Sanitation
2016
School WASH Thematic Session
Presentation on School Sanitation Assessment in School WASH
Author: …MoE…………………….
Presenter : Eng M.Daud Mukhlis…Sr. Construction Manger-WinS ……………….

2. Overview Introduction School WASH Assessment Findings Challenges
Recommendations
Conclusion

3. Introduction
Providing Safe Water, Basic Sanitation facilities and Hygiene Education is every child’s right, which is a major challenge in Afghanistan. Decades of War in Afghanistan, deteriorated all infrastructures specially schools. With coming of new government in Afghanistan, donors started constructing schools without considering WASH standards. UNICEF formally started WASH in Schools program in 2008 with MRRD. After 2012, MoE took the lead and ownership of the WASH in Schools program as they have the capacity.

4. Current situation There are around 17200 Schools in Afghanistan,
45% of schools have access to safe drinking water,
47% of schools have access to sanitation.
40% of schools which have sanitation facilities, have separate toilets for boys and girls.
9% of schools have access to hand washing facilities
7% of schools have soap for hand washing.

5. School WASH Assessment - 2010
MoE conducted an assessment in in 20 schools within 4 provinces of Afghanistan jointly with UNICEF to evaluate situation of sanitation facilities
Objectives :
Assess number of toilets in schools and to understand the using techniques of toilets.
To assess the number of students using toilets.
To understand perceptions of students about sanitation facilities
To understand the maintenance practices
To understand about the knowledge of using MHM facilities.
Solid Waste Management in schools.

6. Findings
Traditional single vault latrines are recognised as unsafe at the national level.
Traditional single vault latrines are very common in rural and urban areas and is cause of disease transmission
Echo sanitation latrine is an improved version of traditional vault latrines.

7. Findings…
If Eco Sanitation latrine is carefully operated and maintained, is sanitary and ensures safe disposal of urine and excreta by treating them separately, compared to vault latrines.
O&M of such latrines is an important factor in selecting this option for schools. This technology option works better in warm climates.

8. Findings …
Pour Flush Latrine is a water carried option for schools where -
Adequate water is available or can store adequate water inside the corridor latrine.
Water or a combination of water and toilet paper are used for anal cleaning.
Ground water table is low
Adequate space for construction of such latrine is available.

9. Findings …
Flush Latrine with Septic Tank is another option for schools where -
Enough water is available for flushing.
Following requirements for effective use and maintenance of toilets is need to be met at the school level
Assured and adequate water supply (preferably system with overhead tank and piping to the latrine),
Local availability of suction trucks to empty septic tanks
Ability of the school to mobilise funds for maintenance

10. Key Achievements Capacity building of ISD and health staff
Standard design of 16 types latrine( ecosan, Flash and Pore Flash including MHM facilities)

11. Schools WASH projects implemented in Helmand province in -2013
MHM

12. Challenges Old, abandoned and un- repairable latrines.
Lack of facilities for disposal of solid wastes.
Less awareness on hygiene education.
less awareness on menstruation.
Untidy, smelly, unventilated and without sufficient light latrines.
Insufficient sanitary latrines in schools where we have WASH program.
There is no standard sanitation facilities in all schools.
Insufficient separate toilets for boys and girls.
Gap between knowledge and practice, students are not to teach how to utilize WASH facilities, therefore they are not using facilities in proper manner.

13. Addressing the Challenge on the Use and Sustainability of School WASH facilities in Afghanistan

14. Recommendations
Other latrine technology options for schools need to be developed and tested before scaling up.
Promoting participatory decision-making at School level.
Applying operation and maintenance of WASH facilities in schools.
Trainings for teachers on hygiene promotion.
Doing awareness to school students.
A contract was made with GIZ to design more options.

15. Conclusion
In Conclusion the selection of the type and technology options for school latrines depends on :
availability of water,
ground water level,
tradition of anal cleaning,
types of construction material available locally,
weather condition,
facilities and equipment for cleaning and transportation of excreta and sludge
and availability skilled labour locally

16. Thank You