1. The Endocrine System Lesson 1:

2. Lesson Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, students should be able to …
Describe the primary glands of the endocrine system.
Explain the vital function of the endocrine system.

3. Lesson Objectives
State the structure and primary functions of the endocrine glands.
Identify and state the functions of the various hormones secreted by the endocrine glands.

5. Primary Function of the Endocrine System
Produces and regulates hormones
Chemical transmitter that regulates body functions:
Growth
Development
Mood
Tissue function
Metabolism
Sexual function

6. Endocrine System 6

7. Types of Glands
Two types of glands
exocrine glands
endocrine glands

8. Exocrine glands secrete fluids to the surface sweat glands Tears
Saliva

9. Endocrine glands
secrete hormones that circulate within the body

10. Critical Thinking Question
Would a malfunction of one gland impact other body systems in addition to impacting the endocrine system? 10

11. What are Hormones? Hormones –
Hyposecretion – less than normal secretion
Hypersecretion – more than normal secretion 11

12. Functions of Endocrine System
Produces and regulates hormones
Communicates with all body systems
Reacts to stimuli
Maintains and regulates homeostasis
Produces, uses, and stores energy 12

13. Connection of Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Nervous System:
Works closely with the endocrine system
Helps maintain homeostasis
Hypothalamus, is the link 13

14. Pituitary Gland
“Master Gland”
Regulates all of the other glands

15. Critical Thinking Question?
How does the body protect the pituitary gland from injury with physical activity? 15

16. Nervous and Endocrine Cooperation
The hypothalamus helps govern the pituitary gland 16

17. Anterior Lobe of Pituitary Gland

18. Growth hormone Growth and development Enhanced protein synthesis
Decreases glucose use
Lypolysis 18

19. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Controls growth and development of the thyroid gland
Stimulates production of thyroid hormones 19

20. Follicle-stimulating hormone
Stimulates growth
Ovarian follicles in females
Sperm production in males 20

21. Anterior Lobe: Hormones and Function
Prolactin
Stimulates mammary glands to produce milk after childbirth 21

22. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Controls skin pigmentation

23. How this system works
health/BodyWorks/Unit7/a.htm
Take notes on video 23

24. Posterior Lobe: Hormones and Functions
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) – vasopressin
Reabsorption of water by the kidneys
Less fluid is eliminated
Elevates blood pressure
Undersecretion – diabetes insipidus results 24

25. Posterior Lobe: Hormones and Functions
Oxytocin
Stimulates contractions during labor and childbirth
Stimulates the mammary glands to release milk

26. Pineal Gland
Hormones
Melatonin
Released at night
Helps with sleep 26

27. Pineal Gland (cont) Serotonin Neurotransmitter
Lack of serotonin can lead to depression

28. Thyroid Gland 28

29. Thyroid Gland
Hormones
Thyroxine (T4)
metabolism 29

30. Parathyroid Glands 30

31. Parathyroid Gland Hormone and Function
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Maintenance serum calcium levels
Metabolism of phosphorus 31

32. Pancreas
Islets of Langerhans that secrete hormones 32

33. Pancreas and Islets of Langerhans33

34. Cells of the Islets of Langerhans
glucagon
Helps break down glycogen to glucose
Increases blood sugar
Insulin (is a hormone)
Lowers blood sugar 34

35. Adrenal Glands Located on top of the kidneys Triangular shaped
Each has a cortex and the medulla 35

36. The Adrenal Cortex Manufactures 3 types of hormones Glucocorticoids
Cortisol
Corticosterone
Mineralocorticoids
Aldosterone
Androgens 36

37. Adrenal Cortex: Hormones and Functions
Cortisol
Regulates the metabolism
Increases blood sugar level
Promotes transport of amino acids into extracellular tissue for energy stores 37

38. Adrenal Cortex: Hormones and Functions
Aldosterone
Essential for regulating electrolyte and water balance 38

39. Adrenal Cortex: Hormones and Functions
Androgens
Hormones that promote male secondary sex characteristics
Testosterone
Androsterone 39

40. Endocrine System Fill in blank worksheet

41. Remember the Parts

42. Hormones and Functions of the Adrenal Medulla
Catecholamines
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine 42

43. Primary Catecholamines
Dopamine
Vasoconstriction
Elevates blood pressure
Cardiac output is increased
Urine production is increased 43

44. Primary Catecholamines
Epinephrine
“adrenaline”
Fight or flight 44

45. Critical Thinking Question
What happens to your adrenal glands when you are continuously stressed? 45

46. Try This

47. Medical Specialists
Endocrinologist