1. Andrew Jackson:

2. Champion of the “Common Man”?
Essential Question:
Champion of the “Common Man”?
“King” Andrew? OR

3. Andrew Jackson Born in N.C.
Captured by the 13 during the Revolution
Had a sporadic education, studied law
Elected to the TN Senate, TN Supreme Court
Planter/merchant
Hermitage
General in the War of 1812, Battle of New Orleans
Known as an “Indian Fighter”, conquered the Seminoles in FL
Nicknamed “Old Hickory”

4. Andrew Jackson Election of 1828 Increased democracy
Universal white male suffrage in almost every state
Rapid growth of the electorate had helped Jackson win the White House
Alexis de Tocqueville
French Aristocrat
Spent 2 years in the U.S. watching the political changes
Wrote Democracy in America, a study of American life
What are some things that he recognizes about America compared to Europe?
What did he notice as the limits to American democracy?

5. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

6. Why Increased Democratization?
White male suffrage increased
Party nominating committees.
Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors.
Spoils system.
Rise of Third Parties.
Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)

7. The 1828 Election
Jackson’s campaign was engineered by Senator Martin Van Buren of NY
He wanted to recreate the old Jeffersonian coalition of:
Northern farmers and artisans.
Southern slave owners.
Farmers with small land holdings.
He created the Democratic Party from the remains of Jefferson’s old party:
Created a national committee that oversaw local and state party units.
Mass meetings, parades, picnics.
A lot of political mudslinging on both sides.

8. 1828 Election Results

9. The Reign of “King Mob”

10. The Center of Population in the Country Moves WEST

11. The New “Jackson Coalition”
The Planter Elite in the South
People on the Frontier
Artisans [competition from factory labor].
Immigrants in the cities.

12. The Age of Jackson Jackson embraced a simple theory of democracy
“Equal protection and equal benefits”
Jackson’s beliefs reflected the idea of the “common man” over the “eastern aristocracy”
Spoils System
“To the victors belong the spoils”
Putting those loyal to the party in the federal positions
End of the caucus system
Jackson and supporters believed it favored the political elite
Jackson’s party was the first to hold a convention
Jackson wanted to reduce the functions of the federal government
Believed in a strong executive branch
Preservation of the Union

13. Jackson as Satan Dangles the Spoils of Victory over his Supporters

14. Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man”
Intense distrust of Eastern “establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege.
His heart & soul was with the “plain folk.”
Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

15. The Age of Jackson “Kitchen Cabinet” Peggy Eaton Affair
Jackson’s unofficial advisors
Political allies
Included newspaper editors, why???
Peggy Eaton Affair
Wife of Sec. of War John Eaton’s wife was ostracized by the wives of the cabinet socially
John C. Calhoun’s wife led the charge
“The Petticoat Affair”

17. The Nullifiers

18. The Nullification Crisis
Tariff of Abominations (Tariff of 1828)
Many in the south believed that it was to blame for the stagnate economy
Some in S.C. began to call for secession, John C. Calhoun found himself at the center of this debate
South Carolina Exposition and Protest
Modeled after the VA and KY Resolutions
The theory of Nullification
A state could nullify a law that it deemed unconstitutional

19. The Nullification Crisis
Hayne – Webster Debate
A series of speeches given by Robert Hayne of S.C. and Daniel Webster of Massachusetts
Hayne in support of states rights (going back to the tariff issue and the theory of nullification)
Webster in the support of the Union- “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable”
Jackson’s response
“ Our Federal Union- It must be preserved”
Calhoun- “The Union, next to our Liberty most dear”

20. The Nullification Crisis
1832, the Crisis deepens when a new tariff was passed
S.C. held a state convention and voted to nullify the tariff of 1828 and 1832
Jackson said it was treason, he strengthen federal forts in S.C.
Henry Clay “The Great Compromiser”
The tariff would be lowered over a period of 5 years

21. Native Americans

22. Indian Removal
* Americans had con

23. Indian Removal

24. Trail of Tears ( )

25. Jackson’s Professed “Love” for Native Americans

26. Vs. The National Bank Thinks bank is the tool of wealthy
Vetoes its charter in 1832
Places Federal money is state banks
Causes Panic of 1837

27. The National Bank Debate
President Jackson
Nicholas Biddle [an arrogant aristocrat from Philadelphia]

28. The Bank & the 1832 Election
Jackson saw Biddle’s pushing forward a bill to renew the Bank’s charter earlier as an attempt to block his re-election!
Biddle & his associates preferred Clay.
Jackson refused to sign the bill to re-charter.
The Bank is trying to destroy me, but I will destroy it!
Jackson drops Calhoun and runs with Martin Van Buren.
BUT, both parties [Democrats & Whigs] had contradictory positions regarding their party principles, to many of the issues of the day!

29. Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S.
“Soft” (paper) $
“Hard” (specie) $
state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely.
supported rapid economic growth & speculation.
felt that coin was the only safe currency.
didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes.
suspicious of expansion & speculation.

30. The “Monster” Is Destroyed!
“Pet Banks”
1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd National Bank of the United States.
1836  the charter expired.
1841  the bank went bankrupt!

31. The Downfall of “Mother Bank”

32. Positions on the Key Issues of 1832
WHIGS
DEMOCRATS
Less concerned about the widening gap between rich and poor.
Opposed “liberal capitalism” because they believed it would lead to economic chaos.
Strong national govt. to coordinate the expanding economy was critical.
Opposes Indian removal.
Favored tariffs.
Supported a National Bank.
Felt the widening gap between rich and poor was alarming.
Believed that bankers, merchants, and speculators were “non-producers” who used their govt. connections to line their own pockets.
Govt. should have a hands-off approach to the economy to allow the little guy a chance to prosper.
For Indian removal.
Oppose tariffs.
States’ rights.
Oppose federal support for internal improvements.
Opposed the National Bank.

33. 1832 Election Results

34. Creation of the modern Democratic Party
Protection of popular democracy
Expanded use of the presidential veto

35. The 1836 Election Results
Martin Van Buren
“Old Kinderhook” [O. K.]

36. Results of the Failure of the B.U.S.
Banknotes loose their value.
Land sales plummeted.
Credit not available.
Businesses began to fail.
Unemployment rose.
The Panic of 1837!

37. The Panic of 1837 Hits Everyone!

38. William Henry Harrison
* Harrison was the first candidate to
campaign actively for office
* “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!!!

39. Election of 1840 Harrison won the election
Gave the longest inaugural address…
1 hour and 45 min
Developed pneumonia and died 1 month after taking the oath of office

40. John Tyler CRAZY JOHN TYLER FACT!!!!
Only included on the ticket to win southern votes
Not really aligned with Whig policies…expelled from the party
Did not nominate a V.P.
Set the precedent for succession
Press called him “His Accidency”