1. Unit 3A: Biological Bases of Behavior: Neural Processing and the Endocrine System

2. What does this mean to you?...
Everything Psychological is simultaneously Biological!

3. Everything Psychological is simultaneously Biological!
Think, feel and act with our bodies
Link between biology and behavior
Better understanding of our experiences of
Sights
Sounds
Meanings
Memories
Pain
Passion

4. Biological Psychology
= a branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior.
Some biological psychologists call themselves
behavioral neuroscientists,
neuropsychologists,
behavior geneticists,
physiological psychologists, or
biopsychologists.

5. Mice and their environment…
Dr. Diamond
Brain continues to grow all during life and not just in the early years
The brain can generate new neurons
Nature or Nurture?
Video clip

6. Class teaching the class!!
Neurons
How neurons communicate
How neurotransmitters influence us
The nervous system
The Endocrine system

7. What to include?... Teach the class your whole section Key words
Creative ways to remember them!
Definitions of those words
Explanation of your topic!!!
How/why it all works?!
Include illustrations
Must be creative, unique and INTERESTING!!!

8. Neural Communication

9. Neurons
A Nerve cell
Basic building block of nervous system

10. Sensory Neurons Carry incoming information:
from body’s tissues and sensory organs to brain and spinal cord for processing

11. Motor Neurons Instructions! Carry outgoing information
From brain and spinal cord to body’s tissues

12. Interneurons
Information is processed via the Brains internal communication system
Billions and billions!

13. Dendrite Bushy, branching extensions
Receive information and conduct impulses toward the cell body
LISTEN

14. Axon
Passes the message along to other
Neurons
Muscles
Glands
SPEAKS

15. Myelin Sheath Layer of fatty tissue Insulates the axons
Helps speed their impulses

16. MS

17. Neurons Speed of a neuron impulse Range from 2 to 200 MPH
Measured in milliseconds
(thousandths of a second)

18. Neurons

19. Neurons Firing of a neuron Resting potential Selectively permeable
Action potential
Ions
Positively versus negatively charged
Resting potential
Selectively permeable

20. Neurons Firing of a neuron Depolarize Refractory period
Excitatory versus inhibitory
Threshold
All or none response

21. Action Potential
A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon

22. Action Potential

23. Threshold
The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

24. Identify these parts of the neuron!
Axon
Myelin Sheath
Dendrites
Cell Body
Terminal branches

25. How Neurons Communicate
Synapse
Synaptic gap (synaptic cleft)
Neurotransmitters
Reuptake

26. How Neurons Communicate

27. Synapse
Junction
axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite of the receiving neuron.
Tiny gap
Synaptic gap
Synaptic cleft.

28. Neurotransmitters Chemical messengers Cross synaptic gaps
Released by sending neuron
Bind to receptor sites on receiving neuron
Neural impulse??

29. Reuptake
a neurotransmitter’s reabsorption by the sending neuron.

30. How Neurons Communicate

31. How Neurotransmitters Influence Us
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Dopamine
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
GABA
Glutamate
Endorphins

34. Endorphins Brain produces naturally occurring opiate
Linked to pain control and pleasure
Vigorous exercise
“Runner’s High”
Acupuncture
Severely injured

35. How Neurotransmitters influence us:
Agonists versus antagonists
Agonists
Antagonists

36. Agonists and Antagonists

37. The Nervous System

38. The Nervous System

39. Nervous System Speedy, electrochemical communication network
All nerve cells:
Peripheral NS
Central NS

40. Nerves Bundled axons that form neural “cables”
Connects the CNS with muscles, glands, and sense organs.

41. The Nervous System

42. The Nervous System

43. Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS)
the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body.
the brain and spinal cord.

44. The Nervous System

45. The Nervous System

46. Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Somatic Nervous System
Controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (heart)
Controls the body’s skeletal muscles
Also called the skeletal nervous system

47. The Nervous System

48. Nervous System Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Division of the autonomic nervous system
Arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
Division of the autonomic nervous system
Calms the body, conserving its energy

50. The Central Nervous System
Brain and spinal cord
Neural networks
Spinal cord
Reflex
a simple, autonomic response to a sensory stimulus such as the knee-jerk response.

51. A Simple Reflex

52. The Endocrine System

53. Endocrine System “slow” chemical communication system
set of glands that secrete hormones
Hormones
chemical messengers
travel through bloodstream and affect other tissues.

54. Endocrine System Adrenal glands pair of endocrine glands
sit just above the kidneys
secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress.
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Adrenaline and noradrenaline
Fight or flight response

55. Pituitary Gland Most influential gland
Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth & controls other endocrine glands.

57. The End