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James Monroe and John Q. Adams
The Era of Good Feelings James Monroe and John Q. Adams
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Banking, Currency, and Protection
Prior to and during the War of 1812 manufacturing increased Why??? Exposed problems in transportation and financial systems Confusion over currency value Congress created the Second Bank of the U.S.
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Banking, Currency, and Protection
Congress acted to protect America’s new manufacturing industry Growth in the textile industry Francis Cabot Lowell, founded the first mill in America to weave and spin Tariff of 1816 Protect “infant industries” and limit competition from abroad Ag. Interests objected because they would have to pay higher prices for manufactured goods
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Transportation Following the war the U.S. needed an updated transportation system Manufacturers needed access to domestic markets Should the federal government pay for internal improvements? National Road-Cumberland Road, 1811 Turnpikes, travelers paid high tolls
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Transportation Steamboats Robert Fulton Clermont
Stimulated agricultural growth in the West and South Manufactured goods could be sent West
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The Era of Good Feelings
Economic expansion, growth of white settlement, trade in the West, creation of new states, rising nationalism All were reflected in national politics
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Monroe Administration
James Monroe Madison’s Sec. of State VA Planter “Virginia Dynasty” Monroe appointed people from varied backgrounds to his cabinet John Q. Adams, Sec of State
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Monroe Administration
John Q. Adams and Florida 1817 Adams began negotiations with Spain to gain Florida for the U.S. Seminole Indians were leading raids in American territory Sec. of War John C. Calhoun, gave orders to Gen. Andrew Jackson to stop the raids Jackson invaded Florida
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Monroe Administration
Adams encourage the US to take responsibility Jacksons raid demonstrated that the US could take FL Adams-Onis Treaty 1819 Spain ceded all of Florida to the U.S.
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Monroe Administration
The Missouri Compromise, 1820 1819, Missouri applied for statehood The Tallmadge Amendment proposed that the territory would be closed to slavery If Missouri came into the Union as a free state it would upset the balance between free and slave states
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Monroe Administration
Missouri Compromise Henry Clay Missouri would enter the union as a free slave, Maine would enter the Union as free state What to do with the rest of the LA Territory? Divided at 36 30’ parallel for any future states
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The Marshall Court John Marshall
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Modeled the development of the Constitution Strengthen federal powers Strengthen the judicial branch
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The Marshall Court McCulloch v. Maryland Gibbons v. Ogden
Marshall confirmed “implied powers” of Congress Upheld the Constitutionality of the Bank of the U.S. Gibbons v. Ogden Strengthen Congressional power to regulate interstate trade The rulings of the Marshall Court established the primacy of the federal government over the states in regulating the economy This opened the door for a federal role in promoting economic growth
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The Monroe Doctrine Spain was in the midst of revolutions throughout her South American colonies The US wanted to assert the position of being a principle trade partner, so did G.B. In 1815, the US proclaimed neutrality in the wars between Spain and her rebellious colonies We really weren’t 100% neutral we traded with the rebels Finally the US became the first country to recognize several new Latin American countries
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The Monroe Doctrine The Monroe Doctrine, 1823
Written by John Q. Adams Declared the American continent was closed to further colonization The U.S. would see any attempt to challenge this position as an “unfriendly act” The Monroe Doctrine had no immediate impact U.S. is dominate in the Western Hemisphere Expression of Nationalism
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Election of 1824 Andrew Jackson William Crawford Democratic Republican
Former General Senator William Crawford Sec. of Treasury States Rights
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Election of 1824 John Q. Adams Henry Clay Democratic Republican
Sec. of State under Monroe Henry Clay Speaker of the House Very Popular “American System”
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The American System Clay’s American System
Expression of nationalism Raise the protective tariff Creating a home market for farm and manufactured goods Strengthen the National Bank Federal government Finance Internal Improvements A major goal was the connect the nation economically
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The Election of 1824 Andrew Jackson received more popular and electoral votes than any other candidate, but not a majority The H.O.R. needed to choose between top 3 candidates Clay supported Adams With Clay’s endorsement in the House, Adams won the election
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The Corrupt Bargain Jackson’s supporters believed that their candidate was entitled to the election due to the way votes had been cast They grew angrier when Clay was named Sec. Of State “Corrupt Bargain” These charges damaged the Adams presidency A new political party of sorts formed “Jacksonian Democrats”
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Adams Administration John Q. Adams faced several frustrations in office Jacksonian democrats blocked many programs he supported Foreign policy troubles with Latin America Failed to remove Native Americans from the Southeast Tariff of Abominations, 1828 Raised the tariff on imported goods
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Election of 1828 A new two party system had started to emerge
John Q. Adams Incumbent National Republicans Appealed to remaining Federalists Andrew Jackson Democratic Republican Opposed the “economic aristocracy”
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Election of 1828 One of the nastiest campaigns
Personal attacks were common Jackson won by a large margin Sectionalism Jackson claimed a new era for the “Common Man”
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