1. Brainstem Domina Petric, MD NOTE:
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Domina Petric, MD

2. Midbrain (mesencephalon)

3. Red nucleus (midbrain)
Nucleus ruber
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4. Substantia nigra

5. Substantia nigra
Two nuclei in one.
There is a compact layer of cells on the dorsal margin of the substantia nigra: these are the dopamine neurons of the midbrain (pars compacta).
Dopamine neurons project broady to the forebrain including the basal ganglia, parts of the prefrontal cortex of the frontal lobe and amygdala in the hippocampus.
There is an inferior part of the substantia nigra: pars reticularis.

6. Oculomotor nucleus
Trochlear nucleus
Oculomotor nucleus and trochlear nucleus are both somatic motor nuclei.

7. Edinger-westphal nucleus is visceral motor nucleus.

8. Superior and inferior colliculi or little hills
Superior colliculus recieves visual input.
Inferior colliculus recieves auditory input.

9. Periaqueductal gray matter
Cerebral
aqueduct
Periaqueductal gray matter

10. PONS
II.

11. Pontine nuclei and pontocerebellar fibres

12. Pontocerebellar fibres give rise to the axons in the middle cerebellar peduncles
Middle cerebellar peduncles are the largest among cerebellar peduncles.

13. Cerebral ventricles: fourth ventricle is in the midbrain
Lateral ventricles
Cerebral ventricles: fourth ventricle is in the midbrain
Fourth ventricle

14. Superior cerebellar peduncles
Cerebellar peduncles leave the cerebellum and cross the midline in the pons: decussation.

15. Trigeminal motor nucleus is branchial motor nucleus.

16. Abducens nucleus is somatic motor nucleus.

17. Facial motor nucleus is branchial motor nucleus.
Collection of motor neurons that innervate the muscles of the face that convey expression.

18. Superior salivatory nucleus (VII.) and inferior salivatory nucleus (IX.) are visceral motor nuclei.

19. MEDULLA oBLONGATA
III.

20. Inferior cerebellar peduncles
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21. Medullary pyramids: corticospinal tract
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22. Inferior olivary nucleus
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23. Gracile nucleus and cuneate nucleus
Medial lemniscus

24. Pyramidal decussation: corticospinal tract crosses the midline

25. Cochlear and vestibular nuclei are extending from the inferior portion of the pons to the medulla oblongata and are special sensory nuclei.

26. Nucleus amgiguus has branchial motor part (IX. , X
Nucleus amgiguus has branchial motor part (IX., X.) and visceral motor part (X.)

27. Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus is visceral motor nucleus.

28. Spinal accessory nucleus is branchial motor nucleus.

29. Hypoglossal nucleus is somatic motor nucleus.

30. Nucleus of the solitary tract (VII. , IX. , X
Nucleus of the solitary tract (VII., IX., X.) extends from the inferior portion of the pons to the medulla oblongata and it is visceral sensory nucleus.

31. The longest brainstem nucleus is...

32. Trigeminal complex of the brainstem is general sensory nucleus complex.
Mesencephalic nucleus (V., VII.): cells sensitive to the stretch in our jaw muscles, in our temporomandibular joint.
Those cells are very important to govern chewing behaviour.
Main sensory nucleus or principal trigeminal nucleus (V., VII., IX., X.) recieves signals about light touch from the face.
Spinal trigeminal nucleus (V., VII., IX., X.): pain and temperature.

33. ˝Open book concept˝ (suggestion of the name by Domina Petric, MD; inspired with Leonard E. White on-line lectures)
Somatic motor and branchial motor nuclei are the closes to the midline of the brainstem.
Visceral motor nuclei are lateral from somatic and branchial motor nuclei.
Visceral sensory and special visceral sensory nuclei are more lateral than visceral motor nuclei.
Somatic sensory and special somatic sensory nuclei are the most lateral nuclei in the brain stem.
visceral
and special
visceraal
sensory
nuclei
visceral
motor
nuclei
somatic motor and
branchial motor
nuclei
somatic and special
somatic sensory nuclei

34. Literature
neuroscience/lecture: Leonard E. White, PhD, Duke University.
Wikipedia.org
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35. Pinterest.com www.studyblue.com www.bioon.com www.anatomyatlases.org
Literature
Pinterest.com
what-when-how.com
Cram.com