1. Culture, Generational Differences, and Spirituality
Chapter 16
Culture, Generational Differences,
and Spirituality

2. Objectives
Upon completion of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
Define culture
Discuss cultural competence
Identify key cultural nursing theories
Discuss organizational culture
Review strategies for working with multicultural team
Discuss generational differences
Integrate understanding of spiritual beliefs into patient care
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3. Culture
Integrated patterns of human behavior that include the following: 1. 2. 3.
Conscious and Unconscious

4. The Development of Culture
Culture learned and then shared:
When people emigrate from native cultures into new culture, experience cultural shock

5. Cultural Shock
Develops when values and beliefs upheld by new culture radically differ from person’s native culture
For successful assimilation

6. Subcultures
Smaller groups within a culture that may be based on the following:

7. Race and Ethnicity
Race:
Cultural Ethnicity:
Acculturation:

8. Diversity in Nursing
Increasing numbers of minority students graduating from nursing programs
Continue to lag behind:
Number of men in nursing also increasing
AACN: 2006 survey:

9. Cultural Competence
Culturally Competent Care:
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10. Madeline Leiniger
Madeline Leiniger: “Transcultural Nursing”

11. Involves care that is the following:
Designed for specific patient
Based on uniqueness of person’s culture
Designed to empower patients in decision making

12. Language More than ____________languages and dialects spoken today
Most widely spoken language:
Second most widely spoken:

13. Language Services
Health care organization responsible for ensuring confidentiality and competency
Guaranteed under Title IV of Civil Rights Act

14. Nursing Cultural Variations
Staff nurses from different cultures have different perceptions of staff responsibilities
These cultural differences affect assignments, teamwork, and harmony

15. Different Perceptions of the Nurse’s Role
Nurses from different cultures have different perceptions of nurse’s role and nursing core values
Obligation to care

16. INTERNAL Locus of Control
Degree of control individuals feel they have over events:
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17. EXTERNAL Locus of Control
“It is Written”

18. Educational and Language Differences
Generally, nurses educated outside U.S. have less theory and more clinical skills
Language differences raise potential for serious miscommunication between health care providers and patients

19. Improving Communication
Recognize that coworker has different educational background from own
Acknowledge that coworker’s value system and perception of what constitutes good patient care may differ from own
Clarify coworker’s level of understanding of verbal and written communication
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20. Improving Communication
Avoid use of slang terms:
Praise coworker’s competency in technical skills
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21. Improving Communication
Use “I” statements when offering constructive criticism
If feeling as if unable to achieve effective communication with coworker, request to work with another person
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22. Improving Communication
Verbal orders: “RBO”

23. Communication with Others
Use caution when supervising unlicensed assistive personnel who have difficulty understanding and speaking English

24. Generational Perceptions Generations in the Workplace

25. Traditionalists Born before
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26. Baby Boomers Born between

27. Generation X (GenXers) Born between

28. Generation Y (Echo Boomers or Millennials) Born after

29. Spirituality Component of healing in nearly every culture
Important assessment during hospitalization
Nurses can use various resources to provide spiritual support and tools

30. Spiritual Distress
North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) term
Identifies when individual has impaired ability to integrate meaning and purpose in life through:
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31. Championing Spirituality
Nurse leader who champions spirituality for all staff ensures that this component of holistic care is not forgotten or marginalized
Develop understanding and empathetic approach to nurses’ needs for religious holidays and celebrations that have spiritual significance