1. Human Population 3

2. Factors Affecting Human Population Size

3. Demography Demography is the study of human populations.
Information & Data are used to study human: immigration & emigration, population size, density, distribution, age structure, birth rates, and death rates.

4. Developed vs. Developing Countries
In the past demographers have placed countries into two categories: developed and developing.
Developed Countries – have a very strong varied industrial economies, stable infrastructure, and stable population size. (low birth rate)
Developing Countries – have agrarian economies, little or not infrastructure, and unstable population size (high birth rate)

5. Developing Countries-
China is the largest but has taken drastic population control methods.
By 2050, India is predicted to pass it. Pakistan is projected to become 3rd with Iran and Ethiopia following.
However, Russia is losing 600,000 people a year, after being the 4th largest country in This is because of environmental pollution, hyperinflation, crime, corruption, disease and despair.

6. FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN POPULATION SIZE
Average crude and birth rates for various groupings of countries in 2006.
Figure 9-3

7. Average crude birth rate Average crude death rate21
World 9
All developed
countries 11 10
All developing
countries 23
Figure 9.3
Global connections: average crude birth and death rates for various groupings of countries in (Data from Population Reference Bureau) 8
Developing
countries
(w/o China) 27 9
Fig. 9-3, p. 174

8. Africa Latin and Central America Asia Oceania United States North38 15
Latin and
Central America 21 6
Asia 20 7
Oceania 17 7
United
States 14
Figure 9.3
Global connections: average crude birth and death rates for various groupings of countries in (Data from Population Reference Bureau) 8
North
America 14 8
Europe 10 11
Fig. 9-3, p. 174

9. FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN POPULATION SIZE
The world’s 10 most populous countries in 2006 with projections in 2025.
Figure 9-4

10. China 1.3 billion 1.5 billion India 1.1 billion 1.4 billion USA
300 million
349 million
Indonesia
225 million
264 million
Brazil
187 million
229 million
Pakistan
166 million
229 million
Bangladesh
147 million
190 million
Figure 9.4
Global connections: the world’s 10 most populous countries in 2006, with projections of their population size in In 2006, more people lived in China than in all of Europe, Russia, North America, Japan, and Australia combined. By 2050, India is expected to have a larger population than China. (Data from World Bank and Population Reference Bureau)
Russia
142 million
130 million
Nigeria
135 million
199 million
Japan
128 million
121 million
2006
2025
Fig. 9-4, p. 174

11. POPULATION AGE STRUCTURE
The number of people in young, middle, and older age groups determines how fast populations grow or decline.
The number of people younger than age 15 is the major factor determining a country’s population growth.
Changes in the distribution of a country’s age groups have long-lasting economic and social impacts.

12. POPULATION AGE STRUCTURE
Populations with a large proportion of its people in the prereproductive ages 1-14 have a large potential for rapid population growth.
Figure 9-9

13. Expanding Rapidly Expanding Slowly Stable Declining
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Expanding Rapidly
Guatemala
Nigeria
Saudi Arabia
Expanding Slowly
United States
Australia
Canada
Stable
Spain
Portugal
Greece
Declining
Germany
Bulgaria
Italy
Figure 9.9
Generalized population age structure diagrams for countries with rapid (1.5–3%), slow (0.3–1.4%), zero (0–0.2%), and negative population growth rates (a declining population). Populations with a large proportion of its people in the prereproductive ages of 1–14 (at left) have a large potential for rapid population growth. QUESTION: Which of these diagrams best represents the country where you live? (Data from Population Reference Bureau)
Prereproductive ages 0–14
Reproductive ages 15–44
Postreproductive ages 45–85+
Fig. 9-9, p. 179

14. POPULATION AGE STRUCTURE
32% of the people in developing countries were under 15 years old in 2006 versus only 17% in developed countries.
Figure 9-10

15. Population (millions)
Developed Countries
Male
Female
Age
Figure 9.10
Global connections: population structure by age and sex in developing countries and developed countries, (Data from United Nations Population Division and Population Reference Bureau)
Population (millions)
Fig. 9-10a, p. 179

16. Population (millions)
Developed Countries
Male
Female
Age
Figure 9.10
Global connections: population structure by age and sex in developing countries and developed countries, (Data from United Nations Population Division and Population Reference Bureau)
Population (millions)
Fig. 9-10b, p. 179

17. POPULATION AGE STRUCTURE
Today, baby boomers make up nearly half of all adult Americans and dominate the populations demand for goods and services.
Figure 9-11

18. Expansive/rapid growth
Birth rate exceeds the death rate. Population is getting larger. Pyramid shaped histogram.
Ex’s. Kenya, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia.

20. Stable/Slow Growth (Zero Growth)
Birth rate almost equals death rate. The population is not getting any larger or is growing very slowly. Histogram shape is straighter and more box-like until about age
Ex. US, Australia & Canada has slow
Denmark, Austria and Italy has stable

22. Declining (negative growth)
When the birth rate is smaller than the death rate. The pyramid bulges near the top or is inverted.
Ex. Germany, Bulgaria & Hungary.

24. Hans Rosling: Population Growth, Box by Box.

25. Hans Rosling: Population Growth, Box by Box.

26. Declining Fertility Rates: Fewer Babies per Women
The average number of children that a woman bears has dropped sharply.
This decline is not low enough to stabilize the world’s population in the near future.
Replacement-level fertility: the number of children a couple must bear to replace themselves.
Total fertility rate (TFR): the average number of children a woman has during her reproductive years.

27. Case Study: Fertility and Birth Rates in the United States
Nearly 2.9 million people were added to the U.S. in 2006:
59% occurred because of births outnumbering deaths.
41% came from illegal and legal immigration.

28. Case Study: Fertility and Birth Rates in the United States
In 2006, the total fertility rate in the United States was slightly > 2.0
Figure 9-5

29. Replacement Level Baby boom (1946–64)
Births per woman
Replacement
Level
Baby boom
(1946–64)
Figure 9.5
Total fertility rates for the United States between 1917 and Use this figure to trace changes in total fertility rates during your lifetime. QUESTION: How many children do you plan to have? (Data from Population Reference Bureau and U.S. Census Bureau)
Year
Fig. 9-5, p. 175

30. Population Explosion
Anything that causes the population to grow uncontrollably. Ex. Baby boom. 78 Million person increase between
(Men came home from the war. These people all had children and so this increase will continue to move up through the country’s age structure as members of this group grow older)

31. Case Study: Fertility and Birth Rates in the United States
The baby bust that followed the baby boom was largely due to delayed marriage, contraception, and abortion.
Figure 9-6

32. Births per thousand population Demographic transition
End of World War II
Demographic transition
Depression
Baby boom
Baby bust
Echo baby boom
Figure 9.6
Birth rates in the United States, 1910–2006. Use this figure to trace changes in crude birth rates during your lifetime. (Data from U.S. Bureau of Census and U.S. Commerce Department)
Year
Fig. 9-6, p. 175

33. Question of the Day
A population of 300 deer increases to 400 deer, the percent change in the population is _________.
% Change = New Pop. – Old Pop. x100
Old Pop. 3%
33%
300%
50%
25%

34. Question of the Day
Which of the following is the best description of a population that has a stable age distribution?
A large population that is growing at a constant rate
A large population with a negative growth rate
A population that is in the early stages of logistic population growth
A growing population in which the proportions of individuals in the different age classes remain constant
A small population that has not yet achieved exponential growth