1. US History Chapter 8 Section 3
The U.S. Home Front

2. Causes of World War I ReviewM ? A ?
European Tensions Rising caused by I ? N ?
Where is the “A” in MANIA

3. Causes of World War I Review?
European nations engaged in massive military buildup ?
European countries form partnerships to protect themselves
European Tensions Rising caused by ?
Rival empires seek to keep power ?
People feel loyalty and devotion to their country or culture
Where is the “A” in ???

4. Enough for War Yet? US Declaration of War?
Germans sink 3 U.S. merchant ships
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
US Declaration of War?
Sinking of Lusitania
Zimmerman Note

5. Main Idea
The United States mobilized a variety of resources to wage World War I

6. Reading Focus
How did U.S. government mobilize economy to support war effort?
How did workers mobilize on the home front?
How did the government try to influence public opinion about
the war?

7. Mobilizing the Economy
War cost money!! How were we going to pay for this war?
Congress passed the War Revenue Act of 1917 which authorized an increase in taxes on Americans
* Taxed wealthiest Americans the hardest- > 77%
(increased federal revenue by 400% in 2 years)
* Government borrowed money from Americans in the form
of Liberty Bonds (loan from people to government)
National Debt grew dramatically-
> billion
> billion

8. American Regulation
Regulating Industry
Congress created several admin boards to prepare nation for war
War Industries Board- Powerful agency that could regulate ALL Materials needed to support war
WIB regulated all materials / production
Regulating Fuel
Congress monitored fuel production
Fuel Administration- encouraged fuel production / Harry Garfield introduces Daylight Savings Time to promote longer work hours
Promoted fuel conservation- “Gassless Sundays” and “Heatless Mondays”
Regulating Food
Congress ensured troops had food
Lever Food and Fuel Control Act- Government granted power to set prices and production control
Herbert Hoover led the Food Administration - “Victory Gardens”
Prohibition
How can we supply our troops with needed commodities

9. Mobilizing the Workers
Because of the war, businesses boomed and make great profits (especially in oil, steel, and chemical companies)
U.S. primary supplier of war-
> Great Britain- 1 billion rounds of ammo / 1.2 million rifles / ½ million tons of explosives
Many workers joined unions (dangerous conditions because of demand and high-paced production) > 60% increase
National War Labor Board- Created to meet the demands of the American worker and settle disputes
> set 8 hour work days / urged businesses to recognize labor unions / granted women equal pay

10. Influenza War effort affected by flu outbreak 1918-1919
Unsanitary conditions on Western front contributed to epidemic
Flu outbreak affected Americans back in the states as well
> Oct K Americans died
Flu killed 675K Americans (deadliest epidemic in US History)

11. Influencing Public Opinion
Wilson made efforts to gain public opinion to support war
Creates Committee on Public Information (CPI)- Appoints George Creel to head department
> Creel begins nationwide campaign of propaganda to support the war effort

12. Limiting Anti-War Speech
Majority of Americans supported war effort but still many spoke out against the war
Woodrow Wilson Response Congress passes Espionage Act
> punishes people who aid enemy
> Punishes people who refuse to serve in military
1918- Congress passes Sedition Act
> illegal for Americans to “utter, print, write, or publish and disloyal or abusive language“ criticizing the government or military
Eugene Debs v. United States
Schenk v. United States
Two supreme court cases resulting from these acts