1. Process Improvement Certification and Quality Systems
G. Chroust
Kepler Universität Linz
tel: (0732) , -fax (0732)
www:

2. Changes of Market world market = buyer’s market ->Time to Market!
Quality and customer satisfaction
-> IT is key technology
Sw itselfs needs short Time-to-Market and Qualität

3. The Devil’s Square Quality Quality Time Cost Time Risk Cost
New technology!
Risk

4. Can one measure Process Quality. Can one certify quality
Can one measure Process Quality? Can one certify quality? Can one measure process improvement?

5. Two Questions

6. Measurements Ressources Product Process
execution (processing time, storage, ..)
development (personell, expenses, time)
Product
size (LOC), complexity, errors, ...
ISO 9126
Process
standards (ISO 9000, SPICE)
improvement (CMM, BOOTSTRAP, SPICE)
...
Report
ISO 9000 (20 Standard Elements)

7. The ISO 9000 family

8. Why ISO 9000? A foundation for quality products.
Increased productivity and reduced cost.
Consistency.
Improved competitiveness.
Customers demand it.
Keeping up with the Jones.
Corporate image.

9. SOFTWARE PROCESS ASSESSMENT
Involves a disciplined examination of the software processes within an organisation.
An assessment method requires:
a measurement scale - most commonly a series of maturity or capability levels.
criteria for evaluation against the scale, usually an underlying maturity model.
a set of standards, best practices and industry norms.
a clear mechanism for representing the results.
The technique of measuring and evaluating the processes concerned with software within an organisation is called Software Process Assessment. The conduct of an assessment involves a disciplined examination of the processes, evaluating them against a defined norm, and expressing the results in terms of a previously defined measurement scale.
The measurement scale is commonly expressed as a series of increasing values of "maturity"or "capability", using defined norms as the basis for the scale. An assessment instrument - commonly a questionnaire - is developed, based on expected behaviour patterns associated with each level on the scale; and the measurement is assigned from the results of the asses

10. 
Definition
Compliance
Improvement
CMM
Key Process Areas

11. Bootstrap Structure

12. BOOTSTRAP-Questionaire .
P.2. PROJECT ATTRIBUTES
These questions are specific to the Project under consideration. They seek to quantify the position of individual projects relative to the SPU´s Quality System.
P.2.1. Organisation
P Management Responsibility
C (+) Performance of the reporting and management activities in software development by using agreed mechanisms and fulfilling agreedresponsibilities.
C (+) Perfromance of the reporting and management activities in verification and validation by using agreed mechanisms and fulfilling agreed responsibilities.
C (+) Use of configuration control in each phase of the project. 1
The contents of this document are confidential and subject to copyright protection. Any infringment will be prosecuted by law.
BOOTSTRAP G - questionnaire
BOOTSTRAP
Release 2.3
N/A
complete
absent
fair
weak
notes:
G.2. QUALITY SYSTEM ATTRIBUTES
These are general questions encompassing the entire Software Producing Unit (SPU). They cover attributes of the SPU´s Quality System, as laid down in the Quality Manual.
G.2.1. Organisation
G Management Responsibility
C (+) Existence of clearly defined reporting channels and management responsibilities, concerning software development.
C (+) Existence of clearly defined reporting channels and management responsibilities, concerning validation and verification.
C Existence of configuration control function for each project involving software development.

13. CMM and BOOTSTRAP both are proprietary
for large companies (high-priced assesors!)
no explicit process model
assessment against quality criteria

14. Software Process Improvement and Capability dEtermination
ISO 15504

15. PROCESS ASSESSMENT - A MODEL
Capability
Determination
Improvement
Identifies
suitability of
leads to
changes to Is
subjected

16. KEY REQUIREMENTS Capability Determination & Process Improvements
Flexibility: - applications, sectors, size - projects and organizations
Cultural Independence
Process, People & Technology
Outputs As Profiles
Supportive of Existing Standards (ISO 9000)

17. PROJECT DELIVERABLES Introductory Guide Baseline Practices Guide
Assessment Instrument (Questionnaire)
Assessor Training & Qualification Guide
Process Assessment Guide
Process Improvement Guide
Process Capability
Determination Guide

18. Mapping of Processes Support Supporting Processes Primary Processes
Customer -
Supplier
Engineering
Organisational Processes
Management
Organisation

19. has a process model (reference model) similar to ISO 12207
ISO characteristics
has a process model (reference model)
similar to ISO 12207
plus ‘assessment model and indicator guide’
plus qualification of assessors
supplier selection!
Capability improvement

20. Process capability profile

21. What is the result? ISO 9000 ? TICKIT CMM Bootstrap ISO 15504
yes or no
TICKIT
CMM
1.0 bis 5.0
Bootstrap
<2.3 , 3.4, 1.2, 2.5, ...>
ISO 15504
<0, 3.3 , 2.9, 1.4, 2.7, ...> 1 5 4 3 2
Organization
Methods
Technology

22. Technology Change

23. Problems for SME Size of document definitions not rigorosly enough
inconsistencies
no index, no cross-referencing (WINWORD!)
relation to ISO12207

24. Questions Can a SSD afford to study and apply ISO15504?
Is ISO15504 a straight-jacket?
Is an activity-result-network the best form?
Can it be enacted SEE?
Do you NEED a level 4/5 company?

25. Capability Determination
Selection
Criteria
What the
evidence says
Supplier
Proposal
what we
need
what is
offered
What the
risks are
control of risk

26. Steps to Certification
Process Control
Process Assessment
Process Improvement
Process
certification
self-evaluation
Process-Recording

27. What should be done? Spread the Message Overcome Managerial Barriers
Overcome Sw-Engineers’ Reservation
Tailor SW Process Improvement for SMEs
Share Experience

28. Quality is free! but only in the long run (RoI) !
[Crosby-80]
but only in the long run (RoI) !
Needs initial investment!
Is NOT EFFORTLESS!