1. GPS in Agriculture Ag Science II Mr. Dieckhoff
How do Global Positioning Systems, or GPS, work? 
GPS in Agriculture Ag Science II Mr. Dieckhoff

2. Why Use GPS in Agriculture
Farm Management strategy
Uses Global Positioning System and Geographic Information System
Goal is to improve agricultural production and efficiency.
Precision agriculture requires the use of a global positioning system, or GPS, to locate a position on the earth combined with the information about the single point to become more productive. The use of production, fertility, soil, and moisture data about specific locations on the earth can improve the efficiency and productivity for farmers.

3. GPS Video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tEj__Vo1WxQ

4. Terminology GPS – Global Positioning System:
Uses at least 3 satellites to determine exact location, velocity, and time 24 hours a day, in all weather conditions, anywhere in the world.
GIS – Geospatial Information System
Capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data.
Precision Agriculture
Observing, measuring and responding to field variability in crops
Remote Sensing
Scanning of the earth by satellite or high-flying aircraft in order to obtain information about it
Variable Rate Technology
Technology used to apply crop inputs in different amounts to different parts of a field
UAV – Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Aircraft piloted by remote control or onboard computers

5. Lesson 1 – Satellite Positioning
How do Global Positioning Systems, or GPS, work? 

6. Global Positioning System
System of Satellites
24 satellites surrounding the earth
Use triangulation to determine the location
The GPS was originally a set of government satellites, originally developed and launched for military use. Today there are dozens of satellites in the sky above. Each satellite orbits the earth at a specific altitude and speed. The satellites send signals to be gathered by GPS receivers. The receivers then process information from multiple satellites to determine a precise location.
Receivers range in size. Many cell phones have GPS location capabilities. GPS is even used in hobbies such as geocaching. Receivers on industrial and farm equipment are larger for better precision, and communicate with sophisticated computers on board or remotely during operation. x

7. Lesson 2 – Using a GPS Coordinates
How do Global Positioning Systems, or GPS, work? 

9. Determining Location with GPS
Location is found by
Latitude – distance north or south of the equator
Equator-– circle around the earth an equal distance from north and south pole
Longitude – distance east or west of the Prime Meridian
Prime Meridian – line that runs north and south and divides the earth into an east and west half
Receivers and satellites have atomic clocks that give a precise measurement of time. These times are used to calculate the distance between the satellite and the receiver. This is why satellites must maintain a constant distance from the earth.
At least three satellites are needed for the GPS receiver to triangulate the two-dimensional location in latitude and longitude. A fourth satellite reading determines the altitude.

10. How Minutes & Seconds Work - https://www. youtube. com/watch

11. GPS Coordinates of CCC Minutes & Seconds N 38 39’35” W 94 20’07”
Each minute represents about 1 mile
Each second represents 90 feet
Decimal N W

13. Virtual Vacation Pick your Top 3 Places on Earth you want to visit
Write down there exact GPS Coordinates of those 3 places
If there is a – sign in latitude = South
If there is a – sign in longitude = West
After you are finished, wait for all groups to finish
Trade coordinates
First person to get all 3 receives a prize

14. Lesson 3 – Soil Testing
How do Global Positioning Systems, or GPS, work? 

15. Lesson 4 – Remote Sensing & GIS
How do Global Positioning Systems, or GPS, work? 

16. WHAT IS IT?
What is “REMOTE”?
What is “SENSING”

17. Remote sensing
Of the 5 senses…
Only 1 works for Remote Sensing

18. REMOTE SENSING Analyzing pictures Overhead perspective
Aerial photos, maps
Include information not visible to the human eye
Allow us to see:
Patterns
Isolated points
Relationships
Features
Monitor changes over time
Acquire information that is difficult to acquire by other means

19. Geographic Information System
Integrates the multiple types of data about a specific point marked with a GPS unit
Normally a computer application
Can be used to improve productivity of a producer
Geographic Information Systems, or GIS, are used to compare different data about a single point or points. A database typically organizes data which is georeferenced by latitude and longitude.
The web soil survey is one example application of GIS. For example, a farmer may make maps using yield, soil data, and soil nutrient test results in order to make decisions about crop nutrient needs the following season.
There are many applications for GIS in everyday life. Some school districts even employ GIS to determine the most efficient bus routes.

20. HOW DOES THIS CORN LOOK?

21. SAME FIELD

22. SAME FIELD – HARVEST DATA

23. Gained a lot of interest lately
REMOTE SENSING
Wide variety of uses
Gained a lot of interest lately
Some good…
Some not so good…

24. UAV Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3YcZtlVrls&spfreload=10

25. Drones

26. Drones Didn’t happen Currently allowed: The FAA Reauthorization Act
Gov’t agencies
Police
Research
The FAA Reauthorization Act
President Obama signed into law in Feb. 2012
Orders the FAA to develop regulations for the testing and licensing of commercial drones by 2015
Currently there are 6 test states that are testing various aspects of commercial drone operations

27. Drones Current regulations: Can not fly for commercial purposes
a.k.a.: Can’t be paid to fly a field
Follow Model Aircraft Safety Rules:
Cannot fly over 400’
Pilot maintains line of sight to aircraft at all times
Not within least 3 miles of an airport w/o notifying airport
Aircraft cannot exceed 55 pounds at takeoff
Avoid flying directly over unprotected people, vessels, vehicles or structures and shall avoid endangerment of life and property of others

28. Aerial image

29. Livestock uses

30. Issues Satellites UAVs Data collected Costly Frequency of images
Resolution
UAVs
FAA regulations
Data collected
What does this actually mean?