1. Early cinema history
Film Studies

2. Zoetrope - 1865 William Ensign Lincoln
Animation and movement of photographs
Used throughout Iran and China earlier as children’s toys

3. Eadweard Muybridge 1872-1880 1872--Stanford
Experimented with motion photography
Is there always a hoof touching the ground in a horse’s run? They made a bet!
Series of quickly shot photographs to create movement
Zoepraxiscope (1879)

4. Kinetoscope - 1888 Thomas Edison & Company
“does for the eye what the phonograph does for the ear.”
Single person can view at a time.
Theaters (rooms) opened up with rows of Kinetoscopes for people to watch.
Moving picture of a guy sneezing.

5. CINEMATOGRAPHE
Brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière patent the Cinématographe, a triple- threat motion picture film camera, projector, and developer.
Allows for many people to view through PROJECTION of the kinescope images.
A three-in-one device that could record, develop, and project motion pictures, the Cinématographe would go down in history as the first viable film camera.

6. THE FIRST MOVIE
“La Sortie des ouvriers de l’usine Lumière” (“Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory”) at an industrial meeting in Paris in March 1895
“Arrival of a Train” (1895) was experienced like we experience IMAX today.
Audience was SCARED the train would jump the screen and hit them!

7. Vitascope Projector
Edison & Company’s version of the same idea as Lumiere Brothers.
Already there is competition!

8. Bell & Howell mm Camera 1912
Bell remodeled an Optoscope projector (lantern slide projector by Kodak) and later modified a Kinodrome projector (a vaudeville attraction and exhibition service).
Bell met Albert S. Howell at the Crary Machine Works, where many of the parts for projectors were manufactured.
Bell & Howell are THE CAMERA GUYS of early cinema
Bell & Howell is STILL AROUND as a major company based out of Illinois (both Bell and Howell were working in Chicago).

9. George Melies
Led many technical and narrative developments in the earliest days of cinema.
Prolific innovator in the use of special effects, popularizing such techniques as substitution splices, multiple exposures, time-lapse photography, dissolves, and hand-painted color.
ICONIC film: A Trip to the Moon (1902)