1. The Progressive Era

2. Background
Problems
Industrialization=low wages, unsafe working conditions, long hours, child labor discrimination in pay
Urbanization= tenements, unsafe housing, disease
Immigration= illiteracy, language barriers, discrimination
Political= Government Corruption, Corrupt Elections

3. Big Idea
The Progressive Movement used new ideas and honest, efficient government to bring lasting reforms for social justice.
Similar to Populist Movement of the late 1800s
Both desired to get rid of government corruption, make it more responsive to peoples needs and stop abuses of big businesses.

4. PROGRESSIVISM Civi l Rights Muckrackers Suffragettes Labor Popul
Unions
Popul
ists
Temperance 4

5. Muckrakers
Socially conscious journalists who pushed for social reform

6. Lincoln Steffens Editor of McClure’s magazine
Uncovered political corruption in Philadelphia
Governments allowed utility companies to charge high fees
Politicians bribing and threatening voters

7. Jacob Riis Photographer for NY Evening Sun
Published How the Other Half Lives
Showed crowded, unsafe, rat-infested tenement housing

10. John Spargo Wrote The Bitter Cry of the Children 1906
Focused attention on the dangerous and difficult lives of child workers

11. Bitter Cry of the Children
Work in the coal breakers is exceedingly hard and dangerous. Crouched over the chutes, the boys sit hour after hour, picking out the pieces of slate and other refuse from the coal as it rushes past to the washers. From the cramped position they have to assume, most of them become more or less deformed and bent-backed like old men…The coal is hard, and accidents to the hands, such as cut, broken, or crushed fingers, are common among the boys. Sometimes there is a worse accident: a terrified shriek is heard, and a boy is mangled and torn in the machinery, or disappears in the chute to be picked out later smothered and dead. Clouds of dust fill the breakers and are inhaled by the boys, laying the foundations for asthma and miners' consumption.

12. Ida Tarbell Wrote The History of Standard Oil
Reported John D. Rockefeller’s ruthless methods
He ruined competitors
Charged higher prices to reap huge profits

13. Upton Sinclair Wrote novel The Jungle
Exposed the despair of immigrants working in Chicago’s meatpacking plants and its unsanitary conditions

14. Jane Addams Opened Hull House in Chicago
It was a successful settlement house- a community center that provided social services to the urban poor

15. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
March 1911-fire at Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in New York City
Managers locked workers inside the building
146 worker (mostly women) were killed
Some states passed laws for safety and workers’ compensation

17. Women Make Progress Ida B. Wells African American teacher
Formed National Association of Colored Women
Set up daycare centers to protect and educate African American children
Wrote about the horror of lynching

18. Theodore Roosevelt 1901-He became 26th president
Promised a Square Deal- Reform to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor

19. Trustbusting
Hepburn Act- regulated the Railroads by giving the Interstate Commerce Commission the authority to set and limit shipping costs
Roosevelt used the Sherman Anti-trust Act in 1904 to break apart the Northern Securities Company-railroad company, and others

20. Regulating Food and Drug Industries
Upton Sinclair’s “Jungle” sparked outrage
Meat Inspection Act- allowed federal agents to inspect any meat sold across state lines and required inspection of meat- processing plants
Pure Food and Drug Act- placed controls on food and drugs, banned the shipment of impure food and mislabeling of food and drugs

21. African Americans Leaders
Booker T. Washington-believed that African Americans had to achieve economic independence before civil rights.
W.E.B. Du Bois- believed African Americans had to demand their social and civil rights

22. African American Movements
NAACP
1909- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People formed
Formed by African American and European American progressives to use courts to challenge unfair laws
Urban League
1911- network of groups to help poor African Americans in cities