1. Bell Ringer
Source: Jane Addams, “Why Women Should Vote”, 1915 May I recapitulate that if woman would fulfill her traditional responsibility to her own children; if she would educate and protect from danger factory children who must find their recreation on the street; if she would bring the cultural forces to bear upon our materialistic civilization; and if she would do it all with the dignity and directness fitting one who carries on her immemorial duties, then she must bring herself to the use of the ballot—that latest implement for self-government. May we not fairly say that American women need this implement in order to preserve the home? Task: Select and explain ONE specific piece of outside evidence that supports the author’s point of view.

2. A Clash of Values

3. The Rise of Nativism

4. Immigration Act of 1917: Barred all immigration from Asia, except Japan and the Philippines
Emergency Quota Act (1921): Restricted immigrants to 3% of their nationality’s U.S. population in 1910
National Origins Act of 1924: Restricted to 2% of the population from 1890 (before many New Immigrants arrived)
Natives of the Western Hemisphere were excluded
Immigration Issues

5. Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti accused of robbery and murder
Italian immigrants; militant anarchists
Found guilty and executed
Spurred violent demonstrations worldwide
Trials generally seen as unfair, targeting radical immigrants, and holding opinion over evidence at trial
April 15, 1920 two men shot and killed two employees of the Slater & Morrill Shoe Co. and robbed them of their $15,000 payroll.
The investigation centered on local Italian anarchists, Ferdinando Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti.
While neither Sacco nor Vanzetti had a criminal record, the authorities knew them as radical militants. Police speculated that the robbers were motivated by the need to finance more bombings.
After a controversial trial and a series of appeals, the two Italian immigrants were executed on August 23, 1927.
Violent demonstrations swept through many cities the next day, including Geneva, London, Paris, Amsterdam, and Tokyo.
There is a highly politicized dispute over their guilt or innocence, as well as whether or not the trials were fair
Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti

6. What are these men protesting about?
Eugenics
What are these men
protesting about?

7. Eugenics
A pseudoscience that believed it was possible to improve human genes through selective breeding and sterilization
Based on IQ Testing, physical traits, social mobility, and predisposition towards violence and crime.
Reaffirmed the existing class and racial hierarchies
31 U.S. states passed compulsory sterilization laws.
Men were sterilized to treat aggression and eliminate criminal behavior
Women were sterilized to control their sexuality
60,000 nationwide from 1909 up until the 1960s

8. “Keep America American”
Revival of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s
Caused by fears from WWI era
Targets: Catholics, Jews, pacifists, communists, socialists, anarchists, bootleggers, gamblers, birth control activists, African Americans.
Used the same methods of fear, intimidation, and lynching
Over 5 million members, including prominent members of local, state, and the national government
“Keep America American”

9. The Birth of a Nation (1915) – A silent film by D. W
The Birth of a Nation (1915) – A silent film by D.W. Griffith that chronicled the “true story” of the American Civil War, and the rise of the Ku Klux Klan.
The first movie blockbuster and was the first motion picture to be shown at the White House.
“Like writing history with lightning. And my only regret is that it is all so terribly true."

10. The New Morality
The struggle between tradition and modernity

11. The “New Morality”
A shift in the beliefs of many Americans on ideas of family, relationships, gender roles, religion, and especially, war.
Causes:
World War I
Increasing role of women in politics
Mass Media
"Old" Culture
"New" Culture
Emphasized Production
Emphasized Consumption
Character
Personality
Scarcity
Abundance
Religion
Science
Idealized the Past
Looked to the Future
Local Culture
Mass Culture
Substance
Image

12. The Fundamentalist Movement
Fundamentalism: Believes the Bible is literally true and without error
Rose out of fear that America was losing its traditional values
Rejected Darwin’s theory of evolution
Popularized by Billy Sunday

13. The Scopes Trial
John Scopes (HS science teacher), was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act (illegal to teach evolution in any state-funded school)
Defended by Clarence Darrow; William Jennings Bryan argued for the prosecution
Drew international attention to the growing divide between the older and younger generations; Fundamentalists vs. Evolutionists
He volunteered to be the test case from an ad placed by the ACLU
Faith vs. Science, Tradition vs. modernity

14. The “Great Experiment”
Causes:
19th century temperance movement
Wartime anti-German prejudice (beer brewers)
16th amendment removed government need for alcohol taxes
Wet vs. Dry
Wet – generally from urban areas; working class
Dry – generally rural; Protestant
Hailed as a victory for health, morals, and Christian values

15. America Loves Their Liquor
18th Amendment: Prohibits the manufacture, distribution, and sale of alcohol in the United States.
Volstead Act: Gave the government the ability to enforce Prohibition, making over 540,000 arrests.
Called the “Great Experiment”
The prohibition movement gained steam during WWI.
America Loves Their Liquor

16. The New Woman
Not the kind of girl you bring home to Mama

17. Women active in WWI; serve an important role as nurses and home front support
Fighting a war to “preserve democracy” helps suffragettes’ cause
19th Amendment: Protects voting rights for women
Women’s Suffrage

18. Changes in Society Women in the workforce Women’s colleges
Some women took over jobs men left behind during and after WWI
Female occupations post-war:
Teaching
Nursing
Telephone operator
Secretary
Women’s colleges
Pre-WWI: Genuine fear that college made women unfit for marriage and motherhood
Post-WWI: new “modern woman” was intelligent and independent

19. Changes to the Home and Family
Women became the “purchasing agent” of the family
Household tasks become much easier with electric appliances
Romance and relationships
Put off marriage and children longer than previous generations
Highly inspired by the romances on the silver screen
Margaret Sanger and the American Birth Control League

20. La Vie Boehme!
"Bohemian”: People who lived unconventional, usually artistic, lives.
Sought to break social barriers, refuting traditional gender norms and sexual stereotypes.
Greenwich Village, NYC

21. The New Girl
1900
1920

22. The Flapper The Flapper was the epitome of the “New Woman” Young
Beautiful
Thin
Always ready for fun
Drank
Smoked
Flirted with men
Wore straight waisted, short dresses
Short hair
Lots of makeup