1. Way more than just the bathroom!
Human Excretion
Way more than just the bathroom!

2. Metabolic Wastes The metabolic wastes of humans include: CO2 H2O SALTS
UREA

3. Excretory Wastes Cell Blood Excretory Organs
Organs include: Lungs, liver, sweat glands, kidneys

4. Lungs
Excrete CO2 and water vapor
Wastes of cellular respiration

5. Liver

6. Liver
The liver performs deamination, or the removal of the amino group (NH2) from amino acids.
They are converted to urea, which is excreted by the kidneys
The rest of the amino acids are broken down by cellular respiration
The liver also breaks down red blood cells AND makes bile from the hemoglobin parts!

7. Sweat Glands In the skin, excrete such wastes as: H2O SALTS
UREA (small amount)
Diffuse from capillaries to sweat glands, to ducts, to your pores, and finally the surface of your skin.
This mix of wastes and H2O is called SWEAT! (or perspiration)
Sweat’s main function is to COOL the body. It evaporates from the skin and cools the body.

8. Urinary System
                                                     

9. Urinary System
Consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
Kidneys have two important functions:
Remove urea from the blood
Regulate the concentrations or most of the substances in body fluids
Blood flow: artery, arteriole, glomeruli
Balls of capillaries are Glomeruli (singular glomerulus). These are a part of a nephron. This is the functional unit of the kidney. (1million nephrons per kidney)

10. Kidneys! Again, artery to arteriole to capillaries to glomeruli.
As blood flows through the glomeruli, H2O, salts, glucose, some amino acids, and urea diffuse into Bowman’s Capsule, which acts like a filter.
Some salts, H2O, amino acids, and glucose are re-absorbed back into the blood from the tubules, by ACTIVE TRANSPORT
H2O, salts, urea, left in the tubule is called Urine.
The connecting tubes merge to form the ureters, or tubes connecting the kidneys with the bladder.
The bladder is a muscular organ in which urine is stored.
The urethra is a tube through which urine is passed out of the body.

11. Kidneys: Nephron

12. Nephrons

13. Diseases of the Kidneys
Kidneys are essential in the excreting and filtering of metabolic wastes.
Gout: Uric acid is deposited from blood not filtered correctly. Affects the joints. Causes arthritis-like pain…. But worse.
Diets that are high in protein strain kidneys, which can result in kidney malfunction. Why?
Kidney stones: A hard mass developed from crystals that separate from the urine and build up on the inner surfaces of the kidney.