1. Clear your desk and get ready for your quiz!
Warm Up
Clear your desk and get ready for your quiz!

2. Who’s answer do you agree with more? Do not share!
If YOU are human, then YOUR cells have 46 chromosomes and your parents’ cells each have 46 chromosomes. Agreed? If you get DNA from both your parents then why wouldn’t you end up with 92 chromosomes?
Who’s answer do you agree with more? Do not share!
Aaron: It’s because the male gamete actually only contributes 35 of the chromosomes and the female gamete contributes the remaining 11
Brittney: When the male and female gamete join, the result is 92 chromosomes but as the baby develops, chromosomes that are not needed are destroyed during mitosis.
Karen: There must be some way that the male and female gamete each carry only 23 of the chromosomes from each parent so that when they get together they equal 46.
Blake: The gametes each contain the full 46 chromosomes from each parent but when fertilization occurs only the first 23 that pair up are used.

3. Quiz Check Quiz A: H A D C K G I B E J F Anaphase Prophase Metaphase
Telophase
Quiz B: D K H I A E C J G B F
Anaphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Telophase

4. GRADE BREAKDOWN
8- 47
9- 40
10- 33
11- 27
12- 20
13- 13
14- 7
15- 0

5. Prepare your Journals for Cornell Notes
Page:40
Title: Meiosis
Essential Question: What is the significance of meiosis to sexual reproduction?

6. Set up this chart on page 41
Mitosis
Meiosis

7. READ BELOW FOR INSTRUCTIONS
Prepare your Journals for Cornell Notes
Page:______
Title: Meiosis
Essential Question: What is the significance of meiosis to sexual reproduction?
On the left page of your journal make a Venn Diagram.
Take a look at the images of Mitosis and Meiosis on your desk. Record as many similarities and differences as you can see.
Items Due today:
Notecards: 1 day late for full credit
Items Coming up:
Vocab Quiz Today
Journal Check Tomorrow
TEST Next Wednesday

8. What are some of the similarities we spotted?
What are some of the differences we spotted?

9. Standard: (B.6G) The student will recognize the significance of meiosis in sexual reproduction

10. Recap: What are Chromosomes?

11. Chromosomes: coiled DNA located in the cell nucleus
Chromosomes: coiled DNA located in the cell nucleus. In the process of sexual reproduction, an organism inherits one set of each chromosome from each parent. Each pair is said to be “homologous” -having the same relation, relative position, or structure
Homologous chromosomes =
2 copies of each chromosome

12. A karyotype is a picture of a person's chromosomes.
In order to get this picture, the chromosomes are isolated, stained, and examined under the microscope. A picture is taken. Then, the picture is cut up and rearranged by the chromosome’s size.  The chromosomes are lined up from largest to smallest. A trained cytogeneticist can look for missing or extra pieces of chromosome.
Before
After

13. Diploid: A cell that contains 2 sets of homologous chromosomes
*two sets of
“red, blue, yellow”
n = the number of chromosomes

14. Most Mammals are Diploid Organisms…Including you!!
Goat: 60 (2 sets of 30)
Gorilla: 48 (2 sets of 24)
Humans: 46 (2 sets of 23)
Elephant: 56 (2 Sets of 28)
Coyote: 78 (2 sets of 39)

15. Polyploid = many sets of chromosomes.
triploid (three sets; 3x), for example seedless watermelons, common in the phylum Tardigrada[4]
tetraploid (four sets; 4x), for example Salmonidae fish,[5] the cotton Gossypium hirsutum [6]
pentaploid (five sets; 5x), for example Kenai Birch (Betula papyrifera var. kenaica)
hexaploid (six sets; 6x), for example wheat, kiwifruit[7]
heptaploid or septaploid (seven sets; 7x)
octaploid or octoploid, (eight sets; 8x), for example Acipenser (genus of sturgeon fish), dahlias
decaploid (ten sets; 10x), for example certain strawberries
dodecaploid (twelve sets; 12x), for example the plant Celosia argentea or the invasive one Spartina anglica[8] or the amphibian Xenopus ruwenzoriensis.

16. Sexual Reproduction & Our Cells

17. On a cellular level, what happens during sex
On a cellular level, what happens during sex? Biologically speaking, what’s the point of sex?

18. Sexual reproduction = DNA combined from 2 parents Gametes = sex cells Male Gamete= sperm Female Gamete = egg

19. Bellwork Re-Visited…
Which answer did you agree with more?

20. When gametes (sex cells) are formed, a process occurs that separates the two sets of genes so that each gamete ends up with just one set. Karen: There must be some way that the male and female gamete each carry only 23 of the chromosomes from each parent so that when they get together they equal 46.

21. 3. Meiosis

22. Haploid = cells that contain only 1 set of chromosomes Gametes = haploid n = number of sets of chromosomes in the cell

23. The Meiosis process involves TWO cell divisions that result in FOUR haploid gametes. *Each haploid gamete is genetically unique *Does NOT produce identical copies ** Meiosis is how gametes are produced** 1. 2.

24. MITOSIS Identical Copy Mom’s chromosome Dad’s chromosome

25. During Meiosis, a period of crossing over occurs genetic material is exchanged between the maternal and paternal sets of chromosomes present in the cell. Crossing over results in “genetic variation”.
Mom’s chromosome
Crossing Over
DNA Replication
Dad’s chromosome

26. How Crossing over creates genetic diversity
Imagine you throw a load of mom’s and dad’s clothes into a dryer and each type of clothing represented a type of chromosome. Jeans, socks, towels, shirts, shorts, underwear, etc.
Now imagine that you push start and every time two different shirts touched at the sleeves, those sleeves switched places. After all, a sleeve is a sleeve. So what does it matter if the colors, threads or styles don’t match, it will still function as a sleeve. The same goes for pant legs, towel sections, sock parts, etc.
Think about how many times and ways this could happen! When the load is finished your going to end up with some pretty interesting variations and combinations compared to what you started with.

27. The diagram below shows the possible variations for just one chromosome set going through Meiosis. Imagine the possibilities you could get with 46!!!

28. Mitosis vs. Meiosis

29. Mitosis vs Meiosis MITOSIS MEIOSIS
REVISIT THE VENN DIAGRAM FROM EARLIER AND ADD ANY NEW INFORMATION.

30. Mitosis results in two genetically identical diploid cells
Mitosis results in two genetically identical diploid cells. Meiosis results in four genetically different haploid cells.

31. Mitosis is used for growth and repair
Mitosis is used for growth and repair. Meiosis is used for gamete production and increased genetic variation.

32. Need Points in your Extra Credit Account?
Meiosis The Great Divide by: the Amoeba Sisters
Meiosis by: Bozeman Science